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HOLY TRINITY SECONDARY SCHOOL
CIVIC ASSIGNMENT
GROUP 7
GROUP MEMBERS
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SEMHAL HAILE
TSEGAMLAK
YAFET TESFAYE
YARESRS GIRMA
YIDNEKACHWE
YORDANOS SISAY
YOSEF FIKRLS
ZIMBELLE KETEMA
NO
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SUBMMITED DATE 08/04/2014
SUBMMITED FOR CIVIC DIPARTMENT
TABLE CONTENT
1. STATE………………………………………………………………………………1
2. STATE FORMATION …………………………………………………………2
3. STATE FORMATION IN ETHIOPIA……………………………………..3
4. NATION …………………………………………………………………………..4
5. NATION BUILDING …………………………………………………………..4
6. NATION BUILDING IN ETHIOPIA ………………………………………5
7. ADVANTAGE OF NATION BUILDING………………………………….6
8. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OF STATE AND NATION………..6
I
STATE
= A state is a community formed by people and exercising permanent power
within a specified territory. A state is a polity under a system of governance with a
monopoly on force There is no undisputed definition of a state. A widely used
definition from the German sociologist Max Weber is that a ‘state’ is polity that
maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, although other definition
are not un common.
According to international law, a state is typically defined as being based on the
1933 MONTEVIDEO CONVENTION. According to article 1 of the convention, the
state as a person of international law should possess the following qualification;
1. Permanent population
2. Defined territory
3. Government
4. Capacity to enter into relation with the other states.
= A state has four elements. These are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Government
Nation
Territory
Sovereignty
1. Government – is transient they occupy and use the ongong
apparatus of the state temporaily, from one election to the
next on a democracy.
2. Nation - group with a shared identity that often seek to share a
distinct territory and government.
3. Territory – an area with clearly defined borders to which a
state lays claim.
4. Sovereignty – quality of a state in which it is legally recognized
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by the family of states as the sole legitimate governing
authority within its territory and as the legal equal of other
states.
SATAE FORMATION
= State formation is the process of the development of a centralized government
structure in a situation where one did not exist prior to its development. State
formation has been a study of many disciplines of the SOCIAL SCIENCES for a
number of years, so much so that Jonathan Haas writes that ‘one of the favorite
pastimes of social scientists over the course of the past century has been to
theorize about the evolution of the world’s great civilization. The study of state
formation is divided generally into either the study of early states (those that
developed in STATELESS SOCIETIES) or the study of modern states (particularly of
the form that developed in Europe in the 17th century and spread around the
world). Academic debate about various theories is a prominent feature in field
like Anthropology, Sociology, Economics and Political Science. State formation can
include STATE BULDING AND NTION BULDING.
= An state formation is commonly used to describe the long term processes
thatled to the genesis of modern political domination in the form of the territory
sovereign state. In a few works, the term state building, nation building, or
institution building are used synonymously with state formation is understood to
have originated in Europe and expanded to other world regions through European
colonialism and the later integration has reconstructed modern state formation in
Europe and the parallel formation of the international system of states as a
complex directional but non steered historical process, which comprises different
central elements. These include, most importantly, the monopolization and
institutionalization of the legitimate means of violence and various functions
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Carried out on this basis, such as taxation, social ordering and policing, and
maintenance and use of military capacities; the successive democratization of
these monopolies; the bureaucratization, rationalization, and depersonalization
of rule; the idea of territorial boundaries of state rule coupled with the idea of
state sovereignty; symbolic practices meant to endure the legitimacy of state
domination; the embedding of these processes into the expansion of classes and
nation.
The predominant consensus in this literature is that, in other world regions,
modern state institution were mostly first introduced by European colonial rule,
but coalesced with local form of political organization in a number of ways. The
trajectories of colonial and postcolonial state formation have therefore differed
from the European.
THE FORMATION OF MODERN ETHIOPIAN STATE OR
STATE FORMATION IN ETHIOPIA
= Every federation is the result of its own unique experience. It is indispensable
for a federal system to reflect this historical and context if it is to be successful.
= though Ethiopian has a long history of statehood, present day Ethiopia is mainly
the result of the incorporation process of emperor menelik, who ruled from 1889
to 1913. As bahru notes “the creation of modern Ethiopia was started by
tewdoros, incorporated by yohanis, consolidated by menelik and completed by
haile sellassie” (Bahru, 1991).
The “reunification”, “explanation “ or “colonization”, depanding on
interpretation, of menelik brough together different ethnic group that had their
own identity, culture, and language. With the creation of a modern empire, we
see the domination of Amharic culture over the newly incorporated ethnic group.
In the eyes of Clapham, and “the explanation was accompanied by an
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assumpution of Amharic supremacy and a policy of amharisation” (clapham,
1974).
NATION
= A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of
shared features such as LANGUAGE, HISTORY, ETHNICITY, CULTURE AND/ OR
TERRITORY. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people
understood as defined by those features. A nation is generally more overly
political than an ETHNIC GROUP; it has been described as “a fully mobilized or
institutionalized ethnic group”. Some nations are equated with ethnic groups (see
ethnic nationalism and nation state) and some are equated with an affiliation
with a social and political constitution (see civic nationalism and multiculturalism).
A nation has also been defined as a cultural political community that has become
conscious of its autonomy, unity and particular interests.
Benedict Anderson characterised a nation as an “imagined community” a nation is
an imagined community in the sense that the material condition exist for
imagining extended and shared connection and that it is objectively impersonal,
even if each individual in the nationexperiance themselves as subjectively part of
an embodied unity with others. For the most part, members of a nation remain
stranger to each other and will likely never meet. Hence the phrase, “a nation of
strangers”used by such writers as American journalist Vance Packard.
NATION BUILDIG
= Nation building is constructing or structuring a nation identity using the power
of the state. Nation building aims at the unification of the people within the state
so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run. According to HARRIS
MYLONAS, “legitimate authority in modern nation states is connected to popular
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rule, to majorities, nation building is the process through which these majorities
are constructed.
= Nation building are those members of a state who take the initiative to develop
the national community through government programs, including MILITARY
CONSCRIPTION and national content mass schooling. Nation building can involve
the use of propaganda or major infrastructure development to foster social
harmony and economic growth. According to Columbia university sociologists
ANDREAS WIMMER, three factors tend to determine the success of nation
building over the long run: “the early development of civil society organizations,
the rise of a state capable of and the emergence of a shared medium of
communication.
Nation building is the process whereby a society of people with diverse origins,
histories, languages, cultures and religions come constitutional and legal
dispensation, a nation public education system, an integrated national economiy,
shared symbolis and values, as equals, to work towards eradicating the division
and injustices of the past, to foster unity; and promote a countrywide conscious
sense of being proudly south African, committed to the country and open to the
continent and the world.
NATION BUILDING IN ETHIOPIA
= Ethiopia is an ancient country with rich potential, but it has not yet resolved the
fundamental question of economic development and nation building. The
Ethiopian population lives under the threat of recurring famine and war. The
conflict that existed between Ethiopia and Eritrea for several decades was never
resolved peacefully, and a new conflict has recently emerged on top of the old.
Economic in Ethiopia gives valuable insight into these problems. The book first
check the major views of development with the Ethiopian experience and
examines the impact of the IMF program and the post-cold war globalization on
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the Ethiopian development. Showing the historical disparities in development
between Ethiopia and the now industrialized societies of the world, the book
examines the possibilities for Ethiopian economic development and nation
building. Author danial teferra investigates the incentives for a shared market and
broader democracy between Ethiopian and Eritrea by taking a closer, more
focused look at the two societies.
ADVANTAGE OF NATION BUILDING
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It allows the available resources to be allocated efficiently
Stimulates competition
Supports innovation
Promote the growth of the economy and etc……
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATE AND NATION
- A state is a territory with its own institution and population
- A nation is a large group of people who inhabit a specific territory
and connected by history, culture, or another commonality.
- A nation-state is a culture group (a nation) that is also a state (and
may, in addition, be a sovereign state).
- State has four elements…… population, territory, government,
and sovereignty. In the absence of one of them a state can’t be
really state.
- A nation is a group of people who have a strong sense of unity
and common consciousness.
- A state is a political organization while
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- A nation is a social, cultural psychological, emotional and political
unity.
- Sovereignty is essential for state but not for nation.
- Possession of a definite territory is essential for the state but not
for nation.
- Nation can be wider than state.
- There can be two or more nationalities living in one state.
- Nation is more stable than state.
- A state can be created while a nation is always the result of
evolution.
- The state uses police power (force) for preserving its unity and
integrity
- The nation is bound by strong cultural and historical links
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