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Name:_____________________ October 4, 2013 Gr.12 Biology: Genetics Part A: Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (1 point each x 17= 17 marks) 1. _____ An allele is ___. A. B. C. D. E. one of the bases in DNA an alternate form of a gene another term for epistasis present only in males and is responsible for sex determination found in mitochondria but not in nuclei 2. _____ What would be the smallest dimensions possible for a Punnett square for the cross Ww x ww? A. B. C. D. 4x4 2x2 2x1 1x1 3. _____ In dihybrid crosses, the ratio 9:3:3:1 indicates ___. A. B. C. D. Codominance Independent assortment Intermediate dominance Three alleles for each trait 4. _____In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Ww x WW), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring? A. B. C. D. Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant Half round, half wrinkled All heterozygous All round 5. _____ The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of contrasting genetic elements at the same locus would be called ___. A. B. C. D. E. segregation independent assortment continuous variation discontinuous variation dominance or recessiveness 6. _____There are three different genotypes resulting from a monohybrid cross. How many different genotypes would there be resulting from a dihybrid cross? A. B. C. D. 4 8 9 16 7. _____ Starting with a cross between AA and aa, the proportion of heterozygotes in the F2 progeny will be ___. A. B. C. D. E. 1/8 1/4 1/3 1/2 All heterozygotes 8. _____ Albinism, lack of pigmentation in humans, results from an autosomal recessive gene. Two parents with normal pigmentation have an albino child. What is the probability that their next child will be albino? A. B. C. D. 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 9. _____ A species of mice can have gray or black fur and long or short tails. A cross between blackfurred, long-tailed mice and gray-furred, short-tailed mice produce all black-furred, long-tailed offspring. Using the gene symbols G for black, g for gray, S for long and s for short, what would be the genotype of a gray-furred, short-tailed mouse? A. B. C. D. E. GGSS ggSS ggss GgSs Ggss 10. _____ Referring to question 9, how many different gametes will the black-furred, long-tailed P1 mice produce? A. B. C. D. 1 2 4 16 11. _____ What would be the minimum dimensions of a Punnett Square for a dihybrid cross? A. B. C. D. 1x4 2x4 4x4 2 x 2. 12. _____ To determine if an organism with a dominant phenotype is heterozygous or homozygous dominant, one can perform a ___________. A. B. C. D. reciprocal cross dihybrid cross test cross Mendelian twist 13. _____ Which of the following conditions is/are autosomal? A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Tay Sachs Disease Hemophilia Cystic Fibrosis Huntington’s Disease B and E B, D, and E A, B, and E 14. ____ In a linkage group: A. All alleles are on one chromosome B. Tend to be inherited together C. If two traits are in one linkage group, then the cross will have similar results as if you had a onetrait cross D. Only two gametes are possible E. All of the above are true F. None of the above are true 15. ____ A Barr body: A. B. C. D. Explains what causes Down Syndrome Explains why a female with Turner Syndrome has a high probability of surviving is the extra active X chromosome in normal females Explains why poly-X females have a high probability of spontaneous abortion. 15. _____ Skin colour, eye colour, and hair colour are examples of what type of inheritance? A. B. C. D. incomplete dominance codominance polygenic inheritance multiple alleles E. all of the above 16. ____Down Syndrome is: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. trisomy 21 caused by nondisjunction caused by crossing-over autosomal sex-linked A,B, and E are true A, B and D are true A, C, and D are true A, C, and E are true 17. _____ Curly, straight and wavy hair are an example of: A. B. C. D. E. codominance incomplete dominance polygenic inheritance multiple alleles none of the above Part B: Short Answer (18 marks) 1. (3) A certain type of congenital deafness in humans is caused by a rare autosomal dominant gene. In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman, could all the children have normal hearing? Explain using a Punnett square to prove your answer is possible. What is the probability of having a normal hearing child from these parents? 2. (7) In Oompah genetics, being gray-faced is dominant over being orange faced. Purple, red, and blue hair colour exhibit incomplete dominance. If Olivia Oompah, who is heterozygous for a gray face and has purple hair, has children with Oliver Oompah, who has an orange face and red hair, what proportion of their children will have a: A. Gray face _____________ B. orange face _____________ C. Red hair _____________ D. Purple hair _____________ E. blue hair_____________ F. Gray face and red hair _______ G. Orange face and blue hair _______ 3. (2) Explain how crossing-over increases genetic variation. Draw a diagram as part of your explanation. 4. In the 1950’s, a young woman sued film star/director Charlie Chaplin for parental support of her illegitimate child. Charlie Chaplin’s blood type was already on record as type AB. The mother of the child had type A and her son had type O blood. a. (4) Complete a Punnett square(s) for the possible cross(es) of Charlie and the mother. b. (2) The judge ruled in favor of the mother and ordered Charlie Chaplin to pay child support costs of the child. Was the judge correct in his decision based on blood typing evidence? Explain why or why not using the information in your Punnett square(s). Part C: Pedigree Analysis (10 points) Examine the following pedigree for a genetic disorder: (Assume that I-2 is NOT a carrier.) 1.(6) Determine whether the condition is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive. Explain the reason for your choice, as well as your reason for eliminating the other two options. 2. (4) Write the genotypes of the following individuals below. If there is more than one possible genotype, then write down both possibilities. I-1:______ I-2:______ II-2:______ II-3:______ II-5:______ III-2:______ III-5:______ III-6:______ 3. (4) What are the 4 structural changes (mutations) that can occur during gamete formation? List them, and use diagrams to explain what they are. Part D: Long Answer Answer 2 of the following 3 questions (10 marks) (I will only mark the first three questions if you answer all four.) Be specific in your answers. Prove to me that you learned something this unit! 1. (5) What is karyotyping? Explain what it is, and then explain the two methods of karyotyping we learned about in class, along with their risks and benefits. 2. (5) Would you get genetic testing done on yourself for an inherited condition? Include details that support your opinion based on the information studied in class. 3. (5) Explain how sex-linked inheritance was at least a contributing factor in the demise of many of the kingdoms of Europe. Total: ____/55