Download Project E S P E R A N T O

Esperanto –
an artificial language of
international communication
Дешина И.А., учитель английского языка МОУ
Гимназия, 2009 г.
Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof
Born December 15, 1859(1859-12-15)
Białystok (then Russian Empire, now
Poland).
Died April 14, 1917 (aged 57)
Warsaw, Poland.
Known for
constructing Esperanto
«The place where I was born and spent my childhood gave
direction to all my future struggles. In Bialystok the
inhabitants were divided into four distinct elements:
Russians, Poles, Germans and Jews; each of these spoke
their own language and looked on all the others as enemies.
In such a town a sensitive nature feels more acutely than
elsewhere the misery caused by language division and sees
at every step that the diversity of languages is the first basis
for the separation of the human family into groups of
enemies. I was brought up as an idealist; I was taught that
all people were brothers, while outside in the street at every
step I felt that there were no people, only Russians, Poles,
Germans, Jews and so on. This was always a great torment
to my mind. Since that time I have often said to myself that
when I grew up I would certainly destroy this evil.»
L. L. Zamenhof, in a letter to N. Borovko, 1895
Esperanto symbols
The verda stelo
(green star)
The jubilea simbolo
(jubilee symbol)
STALIN VS. ZAMENHOF
SPY!
Esperanto Alphabet
Consonants
Bilab
ial
Nasal
Labiodental
m
Post- Pala
alveolar tal
Velar
Glottal
n
Plosive p b
t
Affricate
Fricative
Alveolar
d
ts
f
v
s
z
Trill
r
Approxi
mant
l
k
tʃ
dʒ
ʃ
ʒ
x
j
g
h
Vowels
Front
Back
Close
i
u
Mid
e
o
Open
a
Grammar
Noun
Singular
Plural
Adjective
Singular
Plural
Subject
Object
-o (cato)
-on (caton)
-oj (catoj)
-ojn (catojn)
Subject
Object
-a (ribela)
-an (ribelan)
-aj (ribelaj)
-ajn (ribelajn)
Grammar
Verbal Tense
Suffix
Russian
Present
-as (kantas)
пою
Past
-is (kantis)
пел
Future
-os (kantos)
буду петь
Verbal Mood
Suffix
Russian
Infinitive
-i (kanti)
петь
Jussive
-u (kantu)
пой
Conditional -us (kantus)
спел бы
Vocabulary

It had 900 roots, which could be expanded into
tens of thousands of words with prefixes, suffixes,
and compounding (приставки, суффиксы,
словосложение). In 1894 Zamenhof published
the first Esperanto dictionary, Universala
Vortaro, with a larger set of roots. However, since
then, many words have been borrowed, primarily
from the Western European languages.
KOMPUTI
+
ILO
KOMPUTILO
=
Useful phrases
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Hello: Saluton /sa.’lu.ton/
What is your name?: Kiel vi nomiĝas? /’ki.el vi
no.’mi.ʤas/
My name is...: Mi nomiĝas... /mi no.’mi.ʤas/
How much (is it/are they)?: Kiom (estas)? /’ki.om
‘es.tas/
Do you speak Esperanto?: Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton?
/’ʧu vi pa.’ro.las es.pe.’ran.ton/
I do not understand you: Mi ne komprenas vin /mi ‘ne
kom.’pre.nas vin/
Useful phrases
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Thank you: Dankon /’dan.kon/
Please: Bonvolu /bon.’vo.lu/
Congratulations!: Gratulon! /ɡra.’tu.lon/
Okay: Bone /’bo.ne/
No: Ne /’ne/
It is a nice day: Estas bela tago /’es.tas ‘be.la ‘ta.ɡo/
I love you: Mi amas vin /mi ‘a.mas vin/
Goodbye: Ĝis (la) (revido) /ʤis la re.’vi.do/
Yes: Jes /’jes/
Sample text in Esperanto

En multaj lokoj de Ĉinio estis temploj de drako-reĝo.
Dum trosekeco oni preĝis en la temploj, ke la drakoreĝo donu pluvon al la homa mondo. Tiam drako
estis simbolo de la supernatura estaĵo. Kaj pli poste,
ĝi fariĝis prapatro de la plej altaj regantoj kaj
simbolis la absolutan aŭtoritaton de feŭda
imperiestro. La imperiestro pretendis, ke li estas filo
de la drako. Ĉiuj liaj vivbezonaĵoj portis la nomon
drako kaj estis ornamitaj per diversaj drako figuroj.
Nun ĉie en Ĉinio videblas drako-ornamentaĵoj kaj
cirkulas legendoj pri drakoj.
Sample text in English

In many places in China there were temples of the
dragon king. During times of drought, people prayed
in the temples so that the dragon king would give rain
to the human world. At that time the dragon was a
symbol of the supernatural. Later on, it became the
ancestor of the highest rulers and symbolized the
absolute authority of the feudal emperor. The
emperor claimed to be the son of the dragon. All of
his personal possessions carried the name dragon
and were decorated with various dragon figures.
Now everywhere in China dragon decorations can be
seen and there circulate legends about dragons.
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Comparative vocabulary
• many
multa
• places (local – adj.)
lokoj
• temples
temploj
• dragon
drako
• King
rego
• human world
homa mondo
• supernatural
supernatura
• ancestor
pra-patro
• symbolized
simbolis
• absolute
absolutan
• autoritaton
authority
• emperor
imperiestro
Comparative vocabulary
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pretendis
portis
nomon
ornamitaj
diversaj
cirkulas
estis
la
kaj
per
en
Pri
vide blas
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claimed
carried
name
decorated
various
circulate
were
the
and
with
In
about
can be seen
Geography
A map showing locations of Esperantists
Esperanto community
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1,000 have Esperanto as their native language
10,000 speak it fluently
100,000 can use it actively
1,000,000 understand a large amount
passively
10,000,000 have studied it to some extent at
some time
Esperanto in culture
Monato, the most popular Esperanto news magazine
Famous authors in Esperanto
Kálmán Kalocsay
Li Shijun
(pseudonym:
"Laŭlum")
Miyamoto Masao
Abel Montagut
Nemere István
Claude Piron
Edmond Privat
Reto Rossetti
Raymond
Schwartz
Spomenka Štimec
Gaston
Waringhien
Ludwig Lazarus
Zamenhof
William Auld
Esperanto in Science
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Maurice Fréchet
(mathematics)
John C. Wells
(linguistics)
Helmar Frank
(pedagogy and
cybernetics)
Nobel laureate
Reinhard Selten
(economics)
Esperanto in Religion
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John Paul II
Benedict XVI
Ayatollah Khomeini
Real English vs. Artificial Esperanto