Download Blood Pressure - Waterford Public Schools

Questions to be answered in this lesson…
1. What is blood pressure?
2. What do the numbers mean?
3. What is a “normal” blood pressure?
4. How do you we measure blood pressure?
You take
You and grandma take
your blood pressure
while waiting for the
prescription to be filled
Is it a normal blood pressure?
Grandma’s blood pressure= 145/95
Your blood pressure= 100/68
Read Your Article…
Underline or highlight the answers to the following
questions…
1. What is the definition of blood pressure?
2. What do the numbers mean?
3. How would you classify grandma’s blood pressure
and your own blood pressure?
Blood pressure
The force of blood pushing against the walls of
the arteries as the heart pumps blood
What do the numbers mean?
BP= 120
80
systolic
diastolic
Systolic= blood pressure when the heart beats
Diastolic= blood pressure when the heart is at rest
between beats
Is it a normal blood pressure?
Grandma’s blood pressure= 145/95
Your blood pressure= 100/68
Categories for Blood Pressure Levels in Adults
(measured in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg)
category
Systolic
Diastolic
(top number)
Normal
Prehypertension
less than 120
(bottom number)
and
Less than 80
120-129
or
80-89
140-159
or
90-99
or
100 or higher
High Blood pressure
stage 1
stage 2
160 or higher
Grandma’s blood pressure= 145/95
Stage 1 high blood pressure
High BP= Hypertension
Your blood pressure= 100/68
Normal
Types of Hypertension
1. Primary (or Essential)
a. develops gradually over many years
b. no identifiable cause
2. Secondary
a. tends to appear suddenly
b. caused by an underlying condition:
1. kidney problems
2. adrenal gland tumors
3. congenital defects in blood vessels
4. medications:
birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, OTC pain relievers,
5. cocaine and amphetamine use
Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure
1. Age
more common in men through middle age
more common in women after menopause
2. Race
more common in blacks (at an earlier age than whites)
3. Family history
4. Lack of physical activity
5. Tobacco use
6. Too much sodium in diet
7. Too little potassium in diet
8. Too little Vitamin D
affects an enzyme produced by your kidneys
Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure
9. Drinking too much alcohol
drinking just 2-3 drinks in one sitting releases hormones that increase
blood flow and heart rate
10. Stress
11. Chronic conditions:
a. high cholesterol
b. diabetes
c. kidney disease
d. sleep apnea
12. Sometimes pregnancy
Complications of High Blood Pressure
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Heart attack or stroke
Aneurysm (weakened, bulging blood vessel wall)
Heart failure
Weakened and narrow blood vessels in the kidneys
Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes
Metabolic syndrome:
a. increased waist circumference
b. high triglycerides, low HDL
c. high BP
d. high insulin levels
7. Trouble with memory or understanding
High blood
pressure is called
"the silent killer"
because it often
causes no
symptoms for
many years, even
decades, until it
finally damages
certain critical
organs
What’s the opposite of high
blood pressure?
Hypotension
BP= <60
<90
Some Causes:
•Decreased blood volume (severe bleeding)
•Dehydration
•Heart problems (like bradycardia= HR < 60 bpm)
•Endocrine problems (hypothyroidism= under-active thyroid gland)
•Severe infection (bacteria produce toxins which affect the blood vessels=
septic shock
•Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
•Nutritional deficiencies (lack of B-12 and Folic acid-anemia- low BP)
Symptoms of Low BP
If symptoms occur at all, the most common ones are:
• dizziness and lightheadedness, or fainting
• lack of concentration
• blurred vision
• nausea
• cold, clammy, pale skin
• rapid, shallow breathing
• fatigue
• depression
• thirst
How do we measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
• Sphygmόs= Greek= pulse
• Manometer= pressure maker
Other blood pressure cuffs
Where do you place the cuff?
Name?
How to manually take blood pressure
Video- How to take BP
How to take blood pressure
Karotkoff Sounds
Reading on pressure gauge:
• Systolic= sound first appears
• Diastolic= sound disappears
Karotkoff sounds
Going Further (for homework)
Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Prevention of High Blood Pressure
Bibliography
• "Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure, NHLBI." NIH Heart, Lung and
Blood Institute. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/index.html>.
• "How To Take A Blood Pressure." - Care Guide. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.drugs.com/cg/how-to-take-a-blood-pressure.html>.
• Staff, Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education
and Research, 13 Jan. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/how-to-measure-bloodpressure/MM00784>.
• "What Is High Blood Pressure?" - NHLBI, NIH. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/>.
• Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/DS00100>.
Bibliography
• Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 19 May 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/low-blood-pressure/DS00590>.