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____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Viruses Are Viruses Living Things? ____________ Why? _____________________________________________________________ Viruses, ________________________________________________________________________ ___ can all cause infection. Viruses are named for ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ can all cause infection. Any disease-causing agent is called a _____________________________. A virus is made ________________________________________________________________. A viroid is made only of ________________________________________________________________ causes _________________________ passed through ___________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ A prion is made only ____________________________________. causes misfolding ___________________________ results in diseases ___________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ How viruses enter our cells The virus has an ___________________ that mimics a body cell The antigen will fit in a cells ___________________________ The cell allows the viral DNA to enter the cell A virus is ____________________ as to what type of cell it infects ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Viruses have a simple structure. ____________________ (DNA or RNA) ____________________, a protein shell maybe a lipid envelope, a protective outer coat ____________________________ ____________________________ Once a virus enters a host cell, two different processes can occur: ____________________________ 1. 2. ____________________________ Lysogenic cycle Lytic cycle ____________________________ ____________________________ Lytic Cycle ____________________________ 1. 2. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ viral DNA is injected into the host cell host cell begins to make ___________________________ from the _______________________________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 3. 4. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ _________________________________ shut down the host cell’s regular functions cell is used to make _______________________________ (DNA and protein coats) host cell bursts (lyses) and releases viruses to infect other cells When a Lytic Virus infects a cell, an immune response will ________________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Lysogenic Cycle ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 1. 2. 3. 4. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ viral DNA is injected into the host cell viral DNA is __________________ into the host ___________________ host cell divides with the ____________________ as a part of it eventually the viral DNA can be triggered to separate from the host cell DNA and pick up with the lytic cycle at step 2. A lysogenic infection does no immediate harm Example: Herpes (warts) Viruses cause many ________________________________________________________ There are many examples of viral infections. common cold, influenza RNA viruses do not have built in proofreading, so they ____________________________________________ (like the flu). A special kind of RNA virus, called a ________________________________, can cause DNA to be made from their RNA. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Certain cancers, and AIDS are caused by retroviruses. Some viral diseases can be prevented with _________________________________________________________________ Vaccines are made from _________________________________________________________________ A vaccine stimulates the body’s _________________________________________________________________ Vaccines prepare the immune system for a _________________________________________________________________
