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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: FOCUS ON NEW
PARADIGMS (PART II: CONSTRUCTIVISM)
Issues in Research Methodology II
Professor Sabine Mendes Moura
[email protected]
PARADIGMS AND METHODOLOGICAL
APPROACHES
FROM TRADITIONAL TO CONTEMPORARY
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PARADIGMS (TAYLOR &
MEDINA, 2013)
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
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In general: the interpretivist/constructivist paradigm grew
out of the philosophy of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology
and Wilhelm Dilthey's and other German philosophers' study
of interpretive understanding called hermeneutics (Mertens,
2005). Interpretivist/constructivist approaches to research
have the intention of understanding "the world of human
experience" (Cohen & Manion, 1994, p.36), suggesting that
"reality is socially constructed" (Mertens, 2005, p.12) –
http://www.iier.org.au/iier16/mackenzie.html
In language: it became widespread with the (re)discovery of
Vygotsky, Bakhtin (forming research lines of their own) and,
more recently, Luria and Leontiev (activity theory). In
teaching –learning research, Piaget’s influence is also
important.
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
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The interpretivist/constructivist researcher tends to rely
upon the "participants' views of the situation being studied"
(Creswell, 2003, p.8) and recognizes the impact on the
research of their own background and experiences.
Constructivists do not generally begin with a theory (as with
post-positivists) rather they "generate or inductively develop
a theory or pattern of meanings" (Creswell, 2003, p.9)
throughout the research process.
The constructivist researcher is most likely to rely on
qualitative data collection methods and analysis or a
combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods
(mixed methods). Quantitative data may be utilized in a way,
which supports or expands upon qualitative data and
effectively deepens the description.
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
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Classroom approach and research method all
in one!
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM) – HUMBERTO MATURANA
"When one puts objectivity in parenthesis, all views, all verses in the
multiverse are equally valid. Understanding this, you lose the passion
for changing the other. One of the results is that you look apathetic to
people. Now, those who do not live with objectivity in parentheses
have a passion for changing the other. So they have this passion and
you do not. For example, at the university where I work, people may
say, ‘Humberto is not really interested in anything,’ because I don’t
have the passion in the same sense that the person that has
objectivity without parentheses. And I think that this is the main
difficulty. To other people you may seem too tolerant. However, if the
others also put objectivity in parentheses , you discover that
disagreements can only be solved by entering a domain of coinspiration, in which things are done together because the
participants want to do them. With objectivity in parentheses, it is
easy to do things together because one is not denying the other in
the process of doing them."
Humberto Maturana - Interview 1985.
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM) – HUMBERTO MATURANA
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Biologist, Cybernetician, Scientist
Invented his theory of autopoiesis following in the
pathways of Bateson, Wittgenstein and many others.
He has spent his career elaborating this theory within a
biological research programme in his laboratory in
Santiago and continues generating experimental
evidence for the thesis that reality is a consensual
communal construction while appearing to be
‘objectively’ existing. The notion of ‘objectivity’ is
replaced by that of ‘constructivism’.
Does not reference anyone other than himself
[Maturana’s theory of ‘self-reference’].
Radical construtivism
http://www.oikos.org/maten.htm
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
HTTP://WWW.LEARNINGTHEORIES.COM/ACTIVITY-THEORY.HTML
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM) – MARQUES RIBEIRO, 2012
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
NEW APPROACHES FOR NEW PARADIGMS
(CONSTRUCTIVISM)