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Installing JDK and Tomcat Vijayan Sugumaran Department of DIS Oakland University Downloading JDK JDK 6 (J2SE v1.6.0_03) installer can be downloaded from the following url: http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp Click on the Download button Click on Accept (license agreement) and continue Click on the link for online installation: Windows Online Installation, Multi-language Run the installer Accept all the default settings. It will create a new directory (C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_03) and there will be a subdirectory called “bin” which contains all the jdk tools (javac, java, etc.). There will also be another subdirectory called “lib” that contains the .jar files Setting Environment Variables In order to access the java binary files from any directory, we should set the PATH environment variable To access .class files from other locations, we need to set the CLASSPATH variable. The CLASSPATH variable can also indicate where to look for .jar files Setting Path and Classpath Right mouse click on “My Computer” and select the “Properties” option The system properties panel will pop up. Click on the “Advanced” tab. Click on the “Environment Variables” button If the Path and Classpath variables are already defined, then you can add values at the end by clicking on the “Edit” button. The directories are separated by semicolon If the variables don’t exist, then you can create them by clicking on the “New” button, and enter the values for those variables (see next slide) The first value for the classpath variable should be “.;” that indicates current directory System Properties Panel Downloading and Installing Tomcat Download url: http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi Scroll down to the Binary Distributions section and click on the zip link under Core to download tomcat 6.0.14. The downloaded zip file needs to be unzipped. You can put the contents under Program Files or anywhere else you like. Configuring Tomcat Make sure the “JAVA_HOME” environment variable exists. If not, create this variable and set it to C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_03 (or the directory where jdk resides) For now, leave the port to 8080 (you can change it to another port number later in the server.xml file) Turn on Servlet Reloading Open the context.xml file (C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat6.0.14\conf\context.xml) using notepad In the context.xml file, change <Context> to (it is case sensitive) <Context reloadable="true“ privileged=“true”> Configuring Tomcat (Contd) Enable the Invoker Servlet Uncomment the servlet and servlet-mapping elements in the web.xml file (C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\web.xml) <!-- (remove this line) <servlet> <servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.catalina.servlets.InvokerServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> --> (remove this line) <!-- (remove this line) <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> --> (remove this line) Configuring Tomcat (contd) Turn on Directory Listings when there is no welcome-file (optional) Edit the conf/web.xml file as follows <servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>listings</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> Test the Server Start the server Click on C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat6.0.214/bin/startup.bat Open a browser window and type the url: http://localhost:8080/ The Tomcat page should show up Try some simple HTML and JSP Pages Try executing the servlet examples Need to set up a development environment so that you can compile your own servlets. They need to be in a specific locaiton. Directory Structure of Web Application Setting up the Application Directory Structure Create a directory for each application within the webapps (C:\Program Files\apachetomcat-6.0.14\webapps) directory and the necessary sub directories within it. Example: Create a directory called “HelloApp” for the “hello world” application within the webapps directory Within HelloApp, create a subdirectory called “WEB-INF” Within WEB-INF, create a subdirectory called “classes” The compiled servlets have to reside in the “classes” directory Creating, Compiling & Executing a Servlet Type the code for the Hello servlet using notepad Save it as Hello.java in the following directory: C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\webapps\HelloApp\WEB-INF\classes Add the path for the servlet-api.jar and jspapi.jar files to the classpath variable (C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\lib\servlet-api.jar; C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\lib\jsp-api.jar; ) Compile the Hello.java file using javac The Hello.class file will be created and it should also reside in the same classes directory Executing the Hello servlet http://localhost:8080/HelloApp/servlet/Hello Creating a New Web Application Steps to create a new web application called “anotherapp” Create the appropriate directory structure Restart Tomcat Add one or more servlets to the application Test the servlets To control the behavior of this application add web.xml file to the WEB-INF directory If a web.xml file is not provided for this application, the install_dir/conf/web.xml file will be used Creating the Directory Structure (Review) Create a folder called “anotherapp” (or any other name you choose) within the install_dir/webapps folder Create the “WEB-INF” folder within the “myapps” folder Create the “classes” folder within the “WEB-INF” folder For now, make sure that you don’t have web.xml file within the WEB-INF directory Remaining Steps Restart Tomcat Add one or more servlets to the “anotherapp” application Create the servlet source file (.java file) in the install_dir/webapps/anotherapp/WEB-INF/classes directory Compile the source file using javac Alternatively, you can put the source file(s) anywhere you want, compile them, and then move the .class files into the install_dir/webapps/anotherapp/WEBINF/classes directory Test the servlet (say you created Hello.class) http://localhost:8080/anotherapp/servlet/Hello Deployment Descriptor File – WEB-INF/web.xml The install_dir/conf/web.xml file controls the behavior of all the web applications that are under the webapps directory If you want a particular web application to behave differently, then you add the web.xml file within the WEB-INF directory It is not absolutely necessary that you should have the web.xml file for the application Among other things, the web.xml file may contain the values of parameters that would be used during servlet initialization (calling the init() method)
