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Yiri part 2
AIMS:
To learn more about African musical
traditions and to begin to understand
the set work YIRI
AFRICAN SONGS
 There
is a belief that music
serves as a link to the spirit
world.
 Singing unites whole tribal
communities
 It is a means of
communication
 African
languages are
TONE LANGUAGES ie, the
Pitch level determines
actual meaning. This is
useful as melodies can be
made to fit to match
meanings and speech
rhythms of song lyrics.
Common Features of African Music
 One

Basic form is call and response

Melodies usually use a scale of
only 4,5,6 or7 different notes

Melodies can be changed at will
by other singers
Singers often improvise new
melodies over existing ones

person sings a line and the
group responds with a vocal
reply
Usually short and simple,
repeated over and over
 Can therefore end in a theme
and variations format
 Leads to polyphonic textures
More features
 Music
can be sung in rounds, often creating a very
complex texture
 Harmony will vary from tribe to tribe
 Some communities sing in octaves or unison with a 4th or
5th added rarely
 Some tribes sing in 3rds and sixths, freely harmonising.
 Learnt by oral tradition
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
IDIOPHONES
AEROPHONES
CHORDOPHONES
Rattles
Bells
Mbira ( thumb piano)
Xylophones/ Balaphones
Clap sticks
Slit gongs
Stamping tubes
Flutes
Ocarinas
Panpipes
Horns ( animal tusks)
Trumpets
Pipes
Whistle
Zithers
Lutes (kora)
Lyres
Musical bows
Extras
Also common is the use of body
percussion
Hand clapping
Foot stamping
Vocables
Vocal effects
Instrumental music of Africa
 Common
Instrumental music
features of instrumental music
 Repetition
 Improvisation
 Cyclic structures
 Polyphonic textures
 Intertwining melodies
Vocab test
 Improvisation
 Djembe
 Repetition
 Dundun
 Polyphonic
 Donno
 Vocables
 Yiri
 Balaphones
 Cross
 Call
and response
 Tone language
 Aerophone
rhythms
 Heterophonic
 Monophonic
 Membraphone
YIRI
 PLAYED
BY GROUP NAMED KOKO
 Comes from Burkino Faso, West Africa
 Themes in music from here conjure up man kinds life
battles, fight for survival and environmental issues
 Music focuses on creation, community celebrations and
friendships
Yiri
 Three
main strands
 Balafon ostinato, combined to make complex
polyphonic texture
 Drum ostinato – relentless one bar pattern
 Vocal line, mainly call and response.
Other features in Yiri
 Tempo
is unvaried
 Beat is regular and unvarying
 Drum ostinato persists throughout with only small
exceptions
 Pattern of voices followed by instrumental breaks
 Dynamics largely unvaried
 Cross Rhythms