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Download Chapter 3: Key concepts Look at these questions again. Recite your
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Chapter 3: Key concepts Look at these questions again. Recite your answers to them aloud. Check yourself by going back to your answers in your reading guide, class notes, and/or go back and reread your textbook. Make sure you can answer these questions. What is the connection between the body and mind? What are neurons and how do they transmit information? How do nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells? How do neurotransmitters influence behavior, and how do drugs and other chemicals affect neurotransmitters? What are the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions? How does the endocrine system—the body’s slower information system—transmit its messages? How do neuroscientists study the brain’s connections to behavior and mind? What are the functions of important lower-level brain structures? What functions are served by the various cerebral cortex regions? To what extent can a damaged brain reorganize itself? What do split brains reveal about the functions of our two brain hemispheres? Do you recognize these key terms? Put a star (*) by the ones you don’t recognize. Go back to your reading guide or the textbook and make sure you can identify & explain them. Phrenology & Franz Gall Biological psychologist Neurons Sensory (Afferent) neurons Motor (Efferent) neurons Interneurons Dendrites Cell body (soma) Axon hillock (class notes) Axon Nodes of Ranvier (class notes) Myelin Sheath (& multiple sclerosis/MS) Action potential/neural impulse Role of Sodium & potassium in an action potential Resting potential Refractory period (class notes) ”All or none” phenomenon “Selectively permeable” (or “semi”) Depolarization Threshold -70 mV, -50 mv, +30 mV (not covered in class) Synapse (gap or cleft) Terminal buttons (axon terminals, synaptic terminals, buttons) Vesicles (class notes) “Lock & key” Reuptake Endorphins Antagonists Agonists Dopamine Norepinephrine GABA Glutamate Receptors (receptor sites) Inhibitory & excitatory connections Nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Nerves Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system (“Fight or flight” response) Parasympathetic nervous system (“Rest & digest” response) Neural networks Reflexes Spinal cord Endocrine system Hormones Hormones vs. neurotransmitters Know the location & function of each (Refer to Figure 10.5 on p. 90) Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Adrenal glands (epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline) Parathyroids Pancreas Testes & Ovaries Lesion Electroencephalogram (EEG) Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT scan) Positron Emission Topography (PET) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) functional MRI (fMRI) brain stem medulla (oblongata) reticular formation pons medulla thalamus cerebellum limbic system hippocampus amygdala hypothalamus cerebral cortex glial cells frontal lobes motor cortex parietal lobes sensory (or “somatosensory”) cortex occipital lobes temporal lobes association areas Phineas Gage Plasticity Neurogenesis Stem cells Corpus callosum Split brain research (Sperry & Gazzaniga) Left/right hemispheric specialization (What is each hemisphere “good” at?) Handedness & brain organization
