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Endothelin-Dependent Actions in Cultured AT-1 Cardiac Myocytes by Tianrong Jiang, Elena Pak, HongLu Zhang, Richard P. Kline, and Susan F. Steinberg Circulation Research Volume 78(4):724-736 April 1, 1996 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Endothelin causes a concentration-dependent increase in inositol phosphate accumulation in AT-1 cells. [3H]Inositol-labeled AT-1 cells were incubated for 30 minutes with the indicated concentration of endothelin and were extracted, and inositol phosphate metabolites were separated by Dowex anion-exchange chromatography as described in “Materials and Methods.” Results are expressed as counts per minute over the corresponding control values for triplicate determinations from three separate experiments (mean±SEM). Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Kinetics of endothelin-dependent [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation in AT-1 cells. [3H]Inositol-labeled AT-1 cells were stimulated with endothelin (100 nmol/L) for the indicated time intervals and were extracted, and inositol phosphate metabolites were separated by Dowex anion-exchange chromatography as described in “Materials and Methods.” Results are expressed as counts per minute over the corresponding controls for triplicate determinations from three separate experiments (mean±SEM). Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. PKC isoform expression in AT-1 cells: response to PMA. AT-1 cells were incubated without or with 300 nmol/L PMA for the indicated time intervals and then partitioned into soluble and particulate fractions in the presence of EGTA. Soluble and particulate protein fractions (80 μg per lane) were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with antisera against PKCα, PKCε, and PKCζ. Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Subcellular redistribution of PKCε in response to endothelin. Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Representative tracings demonstrating the effect of endothelin to increase the amplitude of the calcium transient in AT-1 cells. Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. The kinetics of MAPK activation by endothelin (ET). Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. The role of PKC and PTX-sensitive G proteins in endothelin (ET)–dependent activation of MAPK. Myocytes were incubated for 24 hours with vehicle (−), 1 μmol/L PMA, or 100 ng/mL PTX, alone or in combination (PMA+PTX). Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. The concentration-response relationship for endothelin-dependent inhibition of isoproterenoldependent cAMP accumulation. Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. The role of calcium in endothelin (ET)–dependent activation of MAPK. A, The monolayer was loaded with fura 2 as described in “Materials and Methods,” followed by incubation with 50 μmol/L BAPTA-AM for 60 minutes. Tianrong Jiang et al. Circ Res. 1996;78:724-736 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.