Download QUESTIONS IN PANCREAS AND DIABETES I

QUESTIONS IN PANCREAS AND DIABETES
I-DEFINE
Hormone
Mixed gland
II-MENTION
-Exocrine Functions of the Pancreas
-Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas
- Hormones of the pancreas and function of each
III-FILL
-Hormones are each produced by separate, specialized cells of the pancreas, called the -----------------------------.
-Insulin is released at a basal rate by the ---------------------- of the islets of Langerhans. A rise in blood ----------------- is
the primary stimulus to increase insulin release. When blood glucose increases to more than --------------------------- of
blood, insulin secretion from the pancreas increases rapidly and then returns to baseline in ------------------.
- Glucagon is a protein hormone released from the------------------ of the islets of ------------------ in response to low
blood glucose levels . In most respects, glucagon works the opposite of insulin. Glucagon stimulates the used of fatty
acids as an energy source instead of glucose.
-Fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/100 mL on more than one occasion is diagnostic of ------------------.
- Hyperglycemia caused by an absolute lack of insulin is known as type --------------------------------.It results from ------------------- destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
-Hyperglycemia caused by cellular insensitivity to insulin is called type 2 diabetes .
-The number one risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus is-----------------------.
-------------------------- is an inflammation of the pancreas characterized by autodigestion of the pancreas by pancreatic
enzymes leading to areas of cell necrosis and hemorrhage.
IV-TRUE OR FALSE
-Non-fasting plasma glucose of greater than 200 mg/100 mL with symptoms of polyurea, polydipsia, and polyphagia
is diagnostic of diabetes.
-The genetic tendency to develop diabetes is strong.
-Glucose in the urine may or may not be indicative of diabetes.
- Under most conditions, glucose is not present in the urine of healthy, non-pregnant individuals.
-Diabetic Ketoacidosis is almost always restricted to type 1 diabetics
-Diabetic ketoacidosis may occur after physical stress such as pregnancy or an acute illness or trauma. But
sometimes it is the presenting symptom.
-Pancreatitis may occur as a result of blockage of the pancreatic duct, usually caused by a gallstone in the common
bile duct.
V-MCQ
Of Clinical Manifestations of diabetes
a- Increased rate of infections because of increased glucose concentration in mucus secretions, poor immune
function, and reduced blood flow.
b- Visual changes .
c- Paresthesias, or abnormalities in sensation.
d- Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection),
e-Fatigue and muscle weakness
Long-Term Complications of diabetes
a- Microvascular damage occurs to the small arterioles, the capillaries, and the venules.
b- Vision Loss
c- Renal Damage
d- diabetic neuropathy.
e- all
*Clinical Manifestations of Pancreatic Cancer
a-It may be asymptomatic (until advanced). b- Pain may be an early complaint or may occur only with advanced
disease.
c-Advanced disease is associated with jaundice, d- Metastases to the brain and lung are common. e- Mortality is
nearly 100% within 5 years.