Download Reconstruction

Reconstruction
1865-1876
The aftermath of the Civil War
Lincoln’s View
• US as “one indivisible nation”
had prevailed
• Plan to quickly restore state
governments loyal to the Union
• Lincoln’s plan was jeopardized
by his assassination
• John Wilkes Booth
• Ford’s Theater
• April 14, 1865
Why “Reconstruction?”
South is in RUINS
Why Reconstruction?
• Roads, bridges, buildings, and machinery were
destroyed.
• Once-rich farm fields were barren or weed choked
• Confederate money was worthless
• Farmers and planters had no money or credit to buy
seeds and tools so they could start growing crops
again
• The vast labor pool of slaves had dried up.
Radical Republicans want:
• To punish states that seceded
(ANGRY with South)
• To ensure equal voting rights for
African Americans
• They clash with Lincoln’s
successor: Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson
• Impeached by Radical
Republicans 1868
• Not removed from office
• Senate voted to acquit President
Andrew Johnson by a margin of 35
guilty to 19 not guilty - one vote
short of the two-thirds needed to
convict.
Text Book Assignment: Complete Sentences
(except definitions)
• Define vocabulary listed in sidebar on pages: 402, 410, 419
• Check Point Questions: 403, 405, 406, 409, 412, 415, 416, 418, 421,
424, & 427
• Explain what the following people contributed to Reconstruction:
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Frederick Douglass
• Robert E. Lee
The Civil War Amendments
• 13th Amendment:
• Abolish slavery permanently in the US
• 14th Amendment:
• States prohibited from denying equal
rights under the law to any American
• Some Southern states immediately
implement “Black Codes”
• These limit rights for African Americans
• 15th Amendment:
• Voting rights were guaranteed
regardless of “race, color, or previous
degree of servitude.”
Black Codes differed by state
laws designed to regulate the lives of
the former slaves:
• Employment was required of all freedmen;
violators faced vagrancy charges
• Freedmen could not assemble without the
presence of a white person
• Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural
workers and their duties and hours were
tightly regulated
• Freedmen were not to be taught to read or
write
• Public facilities were segregated
• Violators of these laws were subject to being
whipped or branded.
End of Reconstruction
• Election of 1876:
• Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican
• Samuel Tilden, Democrat
• Hayes won by 1 electoral vote,
Tilden won the popular vote by
250,000 votes.
• Compromise of 1877
• Democrats agreed to election
results if Republicans agreed to
compromise.
Compromise of 1877
opens the door to the “Jim Crow Era” and began a long period in the
South where African Americans were denied full rights of American
citizenship.
• To withdraw federal soldiers
from their remaining positions in
the South
• To enact federal legislation that
would spur industrialization in
the South
• To appoint Democrats to
patronage positions in the South
• To appoint a Democrat to the
president’s cabinet.
Economic Impact of War and Reconstruction
North and Midwest
South
• Strong, growing industrial
economies
• Devastated by war,
infrastructure destroyed
• Labor force gone because of end
of slavery and casualties of war
• Remained agriculturally based
economy and poorest part of
country
• Will cause the US to emerge as a
global economic power
Transcontinental Railroad:
• Increases Westward movement
towards the Pacific
• Completed soon after war ends
Social Impact of War and Reconstruction
• African Americans:
• Emancipation Proclamation allows
them to serve in Union Army
• Civil War Amendments end slavery
• Black Codes restrict rights in South
• Women:
• Managed homes and families with
little resources
• Faced poverty and hunger
• Found new roles in agriculture,
nursing, and war industries
Social Impact of War and Reconstruction
• Common Soldier:
• Warfare = gruesome hand to hand
combat
• Diaries and letters home record this
• Left psychological scars
• Returned home to find homes
gone
• Left with permanent disabilities
Robert E. Lee
• Urged Southerners to reconcile
and rejoin U.S.
• President of Washington and Lee
University
• Emphasized the importance of
education in nation’s future
Frederick Douglass
• Supported full equality for
African Americans
• Urged passage of 14th and 15th
Amendments
• Encouraged government actions
to protect rights of freedmen
• Served as ambassador to Haiti
Ulysses S. Grant
• Urged Radical Republicans not to
be harsh with former
Confederates
• Elected president 1869-1877
• Advocated rights for freedmen
• Opposed revenge on the South
New Vocab:
• Scalawags--southern whites who supported republican
policy throughout reconstruction
• Carpetbaggers--northern whites who moved to the south
and served as republican leaders during reconstruction or
took advantage of vulnerable economy
• Sharecropping--system in which landowners rented a few
acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their
crops
Reconstruction Poster
• Title
• Dates
• Johnson’s View
• Radical Republican View
• What reforms were actually passed?
• Explain the three Civil War Amendments
• Explain the Compromise of 1877 and End of Reconstruction
• Include Douglass’, Lee’s, and Grant’s view
• Pictures and color to accent important information