Download q q Energy in the field Separation distance Mass of 2 quarks (~600

Jefferson Lab Accelerator Developments for
Nuclear/Particle Physics
Swapan Chattopadhyay
Jefferson Lab
May 23, 2003
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Invited Talk
Conference on
Intersection of Particle
and Nuclear Physics,
CIPNP
New York
May 23, 2003
Jefferson Lab
Site
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 2
Jefferson Lab Strategic Vision
Nuclear Physics
Nucleus
Nucleon
Quark
Gluon
Grand Instruments for Science
science
100 kW +
FEL
RIA
2005
science
10 kW
Complex
Materials
TESLA / NLC
2010
2015
science
HELIOS
science
science
SNS
2000
>12 GeV/EIC
12 GeV
6 GeV
2020
science
100 kW
ERL
Photon Science and Applications
Nano-systems
Bio-systems
Surface Processing
Precision
Dynamics
Development of Unique Scientific/Technical Tools
Advanced Computational Science
(LQCD) National
Imaging
and Instrumentation
(Medical/Security)
Thomas Jefferson
Accelerator
Facility
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10 Tflop  100 Tflop  1 Pflop
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
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Jefferson Lab Accelerator Site
Test Lab at the Institute for
Superconducting Radio-Frequency
Science and Technology
-SNS drive linac
- JLab - FEL
CEBAF
SRF recirculating
linac
FEL
Nuclear Physics
Detector
Halls A, B, C
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
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South Linac Cryomodules in Tunnel
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 6
Hall A Electron and Hadron Spectrometers
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 7
Hall B – CEBAF Large Acceptance
Spectrometer (CLAS)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 8
Hall C – High Momentum Spectrometer
and Short Orbit Spectrometer
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 9
JLab is the Leading International Facility
in Hadronic Physics
*
• Our approved research program involves half of our 2100 member user community:
1011 scientists from 167 institutions in 29 countries
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
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JLab – Delivering for the Nation – Nuclear
Physics Scientific Productivity*
•
> 2100 users with > 1000 active on experiments
-
167 institutions in 29 countries
•
133 universities from 26 of the United States
-
•
119 PhDs (26 female, 31 minority) in JLab-related science with 138 (24
female, 38 minority) more in progress
-
•
Includes 14 joint professors, including 11 from 5 MSIs
Valuable manpower for experimental program, theory support
78 completed and 21 partially completed experiments
-
78 Phys Letters and Phys Rev Letters
-
263 invited talks and 616 contributed talks
-
167 articles in refereed journals (+ 12 submitted)
*Data as of 10/18/02
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 11
Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
0.6 GeV linac
(20 cryomodules)
1497 MHz
67 MeV injector
(2 1/4 cryomodules)
1497 MHz
Gain switched
diode lasers
499 MHz,
Df = 120
A
B
RF separators
499 MHz
C
B
A
Pockels cell
C
A
Gun
B
C
Double sided
septum
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 12
What’s the Point of 12 GeV Upgrade?
Courtesy: Alex Dzierba
Leigh Harwood
• The 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab aims at answering
two core questions:
1)
Quark
Hall D
Confinement
What is the nature
of quark confinement?
2) What is the fundamental nature of the nuclear force in
Analytical model (based on
terms ofQCD)
quark and
interactions?
ofgluon
nuclei
as groups of
Hallsquarks
A, B, & C
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 13
Quark Confinement
• Quarks are the only particles known that cannot be
observed as individuals. They always occur in groups.
• This is known as quark confinement.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 14
Quark Confinement (cont’d)
1 GeV/fm
Current “wisdom”:
Fq-q = k
Uq-q = kr
No radial
dependence
Energy in the field
Implication: Field energy always increases as the quarks
separate
Mass of
2 quarks
There is some separation distance at which
field energy:
Quark Confinement
• Exceeds the mass of 2 quarks.
• Can be reduced by creating quark-antiquark
pair.
Separation distance
Never find an isolated quark.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 15
Quark Confinement (cont’d)
q
q
q
Energy in the field
q
Mass of 2 quarks
(~600 MeV)
Flux tube
(many gluons)
Separation distance
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 16
How to “See” the Flux Tubes
Flux tube
Graduate Research!!
Partial Wave
Analysis and Exotic
Meson Spectroscopy
“String” analog
2 quarks = 1 meson
Spectrum is known.
Flux tube has it’s own
quantum numbers
Can make mesons with
“forbidden” quantum
numbers
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 17
Color Mapping in QCD
NUCLEAR
PARTICLE
PHYSICS
Q
10 GeV “g ”
e–
Q
12 GeV
“Gluonic
Excitations”
t << 10-18 sec.
Graduate
Research!!
Strategic Simulation: Lattice-gauge QCD Code
Possible at JLab’s 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 18
12
116 GeV
Upgrade magnets
and power
supplies
CEBAF
CHL-2
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 19
RF Control
Overall performance requirements:
• Amplitude: 1x10-4
• Phase:
0.1º
1.0
• Large Lorentz forces
• Narrow bandwidth
 Detuning curve is VERY different.
Energy Content (Normalized)
• Algorithm choice
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
CEBAF 6 GeV
0.5
CEBAF Upgrade
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-1,000
-800
-600
-400
Detuning (Hz)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 20
-200
0
200
Lorentz Detuning Effects
Peak moves as (gradient)2
Energy Content (Normalized)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
CEBAF 6 GeV
0.5
CEBAF Upgrade
0.4
0.3
Tuner must run  slow
0.2
Is there an alternative?
-1,000
-200
-800
0
-600
+200
-400
+400
0.1
-200
+600
0.0
0
+800
Detuning
(Hz)tooscillator
Resonant
frequency
relative
that at low
field (Hz)
Frequency
relative
to
master
(Hz)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 21
200
RF Control (cont’d)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 22
Electron Light Ion Collider
Integrated with 25 GeV Fixed Target Program
 Five accelerating passes through CEBAF
 25 GeV Fixed Target (FT) Program
 One accelerating/one decelerating pass through CEBAF
 30 GeV CM Collider Program
Snake
Exploring whether
collider and fixed
target modes can run
simultaneously or in
alternating mode
IR
IR
5 GeV electrons
50 GeV light ions
Injector
CEBAF with Energy Recovery
Talk by: Rolf Ent
and Lia Merminga
Beam Dump
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 23
Snake
Solenoids
ELIC: Site Map
D
A
B
C
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 24
Energy Recovery and its Potential for High
Luminosity Colliders
RF Power Draw in Energy Recovery
16
RF Power (kW/klystron)
14
12
10
Measured No Energy Recovery
8
6
Max Klystron Output
4
Measured w/ Energy
Recovery
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Current (mA)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 25
ERL R&D – Relevance to Nuclear Physics
and Light Sources
104
Energy [MeV]
High Energy Path
103
CEBAF
Energy Recovery
Experiment at
High Energy
ERL
Facilities
Energy Recovery
Experiment at
High Current at
JLab FEL/ERL
102
Two complementary
and orthogonal
branches to complete
the required ERL R&D.
2 kW JLab FEL
10
High Current Path
0.1
1
10
100
Average Current [mA]
1000
Accelerator R&D Issues
Creation, transport and acceleration of
extremely low-emittance, high-current beams
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
Page 26
ERL Research:
R&D – Relevance
Graduate
possibilities to Nuclear Physics
JLab plus
Core
Competency (cont’d)
of Energy Recovery
Current
Doubling for future facilities
and
High Energy Demonstration of Energy Recovery

Beam will be accelerated from 45 MeV to 1 GeV
and energy recovered to 45 MeV. Plan to inject
at 10 to 20 MeV and test energy recovery with
energy ratio up to ~100

Beam properties, beam halo to be measured at
several locations

Experiment is approved and scheduled for
March-April 2003
45 MeV
500 MeV
Injector
1 GeV
500 MeV
45 MeV
Phase delay chicane
500 MeV
1 GeV
500 MeV
CEBAF-ER Installation
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy
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