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Guns, Germs, and Steel
Graded Discussion/Socratic Seminar
AP World History
1. How would people generally answer “Yali’s Question” in the past? What does Diamond
do to address these answers and refute them?
2. Why does Diamond hypothesize that New Guineans might be, on the average, "smarter"
than Westerners? What do you think?
3. How are Polynesian Islands "an experiment of history"? What conclusions does Diamond
draw from their history? Is it valid to extrapolate from this experiment to events that
happened worldwide?
4. How does Diamond challenge our assumptions about the transition from hunter-gathering
to farming?
5. How does agriculture account for the great disparities in societies, as well as for the
possibilities of parallel evolution?
6. What were the advantages enjoyed by the Fertile Crescent that allowed it to be the earliest
site of development for most of the building blocks of civilization? How does Diamond
explain the fact that it was nevertheless Europe and not Southwest Asia that ended up
spreading its culture to the rest of the world?
7. What is the importance of domesticated animals in world history?
8. How does civilization lead to epidemics?
9. How does Diamond's theory that invention is, in fact, the mother of necessity bear upon
the traditional "heroic" model of invention? Give some examples.
10. How does Diamond refute the charge that Australia is proof that differences in the fates
of human societies are a matter of people and not environment? In what other areas of the
world could Diamond's argument be used?
11. Diamond offers two tribes, the Chimbu and the Daribi, as examples of differing
receptivities to innovation. Why are some cultures more receptive to invention, while others
are not?
12. Overall, how convincing is Diamond in answering Yali’s question? Where are the holes in
his argument(s)? How does geography continue to influence world societies today?
Adapted from Guns, Germs, and Steel Discussion Questions provided by the publisher.