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Translate the following passage into Arabic preserving the technical terms involved.
Cancer
Cancer in man is a group of over 100 related diseases that may arise in any of the
body's tissues and that are characterized by the uncontrolled and disorderly
multiplication of abnormal cells. If their growth is not checked , these cells infiltrate
and destroy adjacent tissues. Often cancer cells are tram ported to distant parts of the
body, where they grow as colonies called metastases.
The cancerous or malignant process begins as a progressive, unrestrained division of
abnormal cells. Viewed through a microscope, cancer cells may initially maintain
some degree of differentiation - that is – their specialized structure and function so
that they resemble those cells from which they arise or some developmental stage of
the tissues of origin. Some cancer cells may perform limited normal functions. As the
disease progresses, however, the cells usually become increasingly abnormal in
appearance, structure, and function until they may not be recognizable as an offshoot
of the tissue of origin.
They may appear in a great variety of sizes and shapes. Chromosomes in malignant
cells undergoing division may appear oversized or may have asymmetrical spindles or
other abnormalities. Unlike benign tumours, malignant tumours are not contained
within capsules, or if they are, the capsules , are incomplete.
A typical benign tumour is usually encapsulated within a membrane of a connective
tissue. Microscopically, the benign mass has a homogenous appearance if it is derived
from one type of tissue. An individual type of cells all appear alike. Degenerative and
regressive changes are much less frequent than in malignant tumours, and the patterns
of benign tumours are usually orderly. They do not metastasize .(Both benign tumours
and malignant tumours are often referred to as neoplasms).
Cancer grows in all known groups of animals except the lower animals; many plants
even develop cancer-like growths, cancer-like changes have been found in millionyear-old fossil dinosaur bones. In man, the phenomenon has been recognized since
earliest time and occurs in all human populations.
Human cancer morbidity and mortality vary from country to country, but in most
western countries where infectious diseases are under control, cancer is the primary
causes of death. In the United States, for example, cancer is the second leading cause
of death and strikes one in four persons. In most countries, cancer mortality for men
substantially exceeds that for women. Scotland has the highest overall cancer
mortality rate among men and Portugal the lowest. Among women, Chile has the
highest reported cancer mortality, and Portugal the lowest.