Download Greece Lesson 2 Blanks with Answers Revised-2

II. Ancient Greece: Lesson 2 PPT
Name ________________________
A.
Geography of Greece-Review.
1) Greece is a small country in Europe.
2) Greece is near the Mediterranean Sea.
3) The main part of Greece in on a peninsula.
4) A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water on three sides.
5) The rest of Greece is made up of islands.
B.
Greek City-States: the primary political expression of ancient Greece.
1) Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to
build city-states instead of one country.
2) A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money.
3) City-states were cities that acted like countries.
C.
Sparta
1) Sparta was a Greek city-state.
2) Sparta was very powerful and had its own army.
3) Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power.
4) There were three classes of people in Sparta: citizens, non-citizens, and slaves.
D. Sparta’s Classes
1) Only men born in Sparta were citizens.
2) Women were not allowed to become citizens, however, women were allowed to own land and
businesses, which gave them more freedom than other Greek city-states.
3) The second class in Sparta was people who came from other city-states or other countries. They
could own businesses but not become citizens.
4) The third class was slaves.
E. Sparta Warriors
1) Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important.
2) Young boys were taken from their parents and trained to be soldiers as well as good in sports
such as running.
3) Girls were also trained to be good in sports.
F. Athens
1) Athens was another important Greek city-state.
2) The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen.
3) Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C.
4) A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.
G. Democracy in Athens
1) Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were
citizens.
2) Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.
H. Pericles
1) Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in Athens.
2) Pericles had many buildings constructed.
3) Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.
I. Education in Athens
1) Education was very important in Athens.
2) Boys went to school to learn to read and write, and learned many sports.
J.
K.
L.
M.
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3) Girls were not allowed to go to school or learn to play sports.
Socrates
1) Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece.
2) A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life.
3) Socrates taught by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic
method.
Plato
1) Plato was a student of Socrates.
2) He started a school called The Academy.
3) Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.
Aristotle
1) Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato.
2) Aristotle wrote about science, art, law, poetry and government.
Greek Beliefs
1) Across the city-states, Greeks believed many of the same myths, or traditional stories about
gods, goddess, and heroes. These myths expressed their religious beliefs.
2) Unlike other cultures, the Greeks did NOT think of their gods as all-powerful beings. They have
great powers, but they look and act like human beings, therefore the Greeks did not fear the
gods/goddesses.
3) Greeks believed the 12 most important gods and goddesses, the Greek Pantheon, lived on
Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain.
4) All Greeks worshipped Zeus as their chief god and each city-state chose one god or goddess as
its protector.
5) The Greeks believed the gods/goddesses also controlled nature and to win the favor of their
god, the people performed rituals, or actions that are part of a religious ceremony.
Greek Olympics
1) Starting in 776 BC, and then occurring every four years, the Greeks took part in athletic
competitions to honor Zeus.
2) The competitions were held in Olympia and were called the Olympic Games.
3) Only men participated in the Games.
4) The first modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896.
Greek Drama
1) The Greeks performed the first drama, or stories performed by actors on a stage.
a) In a tragedy, the main character struggles to overcome hardships but does not succeed, thus
it has a tragic, or unhappy, ending.
b) In a comedy, the story ends happily.
2) In ancient Greece, only men could be actors.
3) Dramas were often part of religious festivals.