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FUNCTIONAL GROUP MATRIX FUNCTIONAL GROUP Carbonyl (Aldehyde and ketones) Carboxyl Amino Sulfhydryl Phosphate group =O -COOH -NH2 -S-H -S-S- -PO4 DESCRIPTION A hydrogen OF atom is STRUCTURE bonded to an oxygen atom which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond Oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group A nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton Sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom COMMON IN WHICH BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Alcohols and sugars Sugars All amino acids Fatty acids All amino acids Certain amino acids Certain proteins Phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen atom is bonded to carbon skeleton RNA DNA ATP Certain lipids FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES Polar Form hydrogen bonds hydrophilic Hydrophilic Polar Act as acids Hydrophilic Polar Acts as a base Polar Forms hydrogen bonds Help stabilize protein structure STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP Hydroxyl -OH Acts as an acid Polar Involved in biological release of energy
