Download Study Guide – Test 4: Mitosis and Meiosis

Bio H – Cell Division
Study Guide: Mitosis and Meiosis (Chromosomes and Cancer, Embryology)
Cell Cycle and Cell Size:
- When do cells need to grow?
- Why is surface to volume ratio important?
- What are the phases of the cell cycle (and subphases (ie interphase has G1, S, G2) what happens in each
and the relative time spent in each phase
Cell Cycle and Cancer
- how is the cell cycle controlled – cyclins, tumor supressors and oncogenes
- What happens when control is lost?
- In what ways can this control be disrupted leading to cancer?
- Tumors vs. Cancer – how are they different?
Mitosis and Meiosis:
- Be able to summarize the steps that the cells go through in each process
- Explain why two mechanisms (mitosis vs meiosis) of cell division are necessary
o Know why mitosis is used for body cells
o Identify budding and formation of single cell protists as mitotic events)
o Know why meiosis is used for reproductive cells
- Differentiate between plant and animal cytokinesis
- It is important to understand KEY events that need to be completed before moving to the next phase…not
every little detail.
- Explain why mitosis and meiosis are nuclear division mechanisms rather than cell division mechanisms.
- How do we ensure new cells get the same DNA as the parent cell?
- How do we ensure that reproductive cells end up with different combinations of DNA from the parent?
- Compare and contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis including timeline, products and reasoning (why is
equal division in sperm vs. non-equal in egg)
- Number of “usable” cells produced from each meiotic division
DNA:
- Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes
o structural differences
o functional differences
o where in the cycle would you find each form?
- Differentiate between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids
o type of information (same or different)
o structural differences (which ones share a centromere?
o Which ones are involved in crossing over?)
- Understand the difference between crossing over and translocations
- Understand non-disjunction and how it leads to monosomy and trisomy
- Use a karyotype to help diagnose a patient
Embryology:
- Summarize the steps that follow fertilization until the three germ lines are established
- Explain the significance of the three germ lines (what does each form)?
- Explain how cells develop different characteristics (differentiation) despite having the same DNA
- Know what stem cells are and how they can be used.
- Differentiate between how the two types of twins are formed (including formal names)
Vocabulary: (on the back)
many of these are review from past units
Bio H – Cell Division
Vocabulary:
Cyclin
Interphase
Mitosis
Meiosis
Crossing-over
Variation
Diploid
Haploid
Homologous chromosomes
Sister chromatids
Gap 2
Replication
Somatic cell
Translocation
Gene
Microtubules
Cytokinesis
Tetrad
Organelle
Gamete
Monosomy
Genome
Centromere
Cell Plate
Polar body
Gap 1
Non-disjunction
Trisomy
Mitotic Spindle
Centriole
Cleavage Furrow
Meiotic vs Mitotic