Download Land Biomes

I. Land Biomes
1. Different animals live in
different areas.
a. Polar bears do not live in the
desert and snakes do not live in
the arctic.
II. The Earth’s Land biomes
1. Biome is a large area
characterized by its climate and
the plants and animals that live
in that area.
III. Forests
1. These biomes are often found in
areas that have mild temperatures
and plenty of rain
2. There are three types of forests
a. Deciduous forests
b. Coniferous forests
c. Tropical rain forests
A. Temperate deciduous forests
1. The word deciduous comes from
the Latin word that means “to fall
off”
a. This word describes how the
leaves can fall off of the trees.
2. Deciduous trees shed their
leaves during the winter or dry
season to conserve water.
3. Animals that can live in a
deciduous forest are bears,
snakes, and woodpeckers for
example.
B. Coniferous forests
1.
Conifers are the trees that live in
this type of forests.
2. These types of trees produce their
seeds in the shape of cones
3. The leaves are heavily coated in a
waxy substance.
a. This helps the leaves from
drying out
b. Helps the leaves from being
damaged from the cold.
4. These trees stay green all year
long.
5. Animals that live here
include finches, jays,
porcupines, elk, and moose.
C. Tropical Rain Forests
1. The most biologically diverse
place on earth
2. More plants and animals than
any other land biome
3. Over 100 different types of trees
can grow in an area as small as ¼
of a football field.
4. Most animals live in the canopy or
treetops.
5.Because of the diversity the
rainforest has very nutrient-rich
soil.
6. Because of how thin the soil is
most trees will grow above ground
roots to stabilize themselves.
IV. Grasslands.
1.
2.
3.
Examples: Steppes, prairies,
and pampas.
On every continent except
Antarctica.
Often flat or have gently rolling
hills.
A. Temperate Grasslands
1. Include plants such as grass and
flowering plants.
2. Have very few trees
3. Fires, drought, and grazing prevent
the growth of trees and shrubs.
4. Home to seed-eating animals such as
prairie dogs and mice, also large grass
eating animals.
B. Savannas
1. This is a grass land with
scattered clumps of trees
2. The weather here is described as
seasonal rains.
3. Mostly found in parts of Africa,
India, and South America.
4. The “dry season” occurs and the grass
turns yellow because it dries out.
5. Because of a large root system these
grasses may be able to live months
without added water.
6. Large herbivores such as elephants,
giraffes, zebras, and wildebeests can be
found to call a savanna home
C. Deserts
1.
2.
3.
4.
This is a very dry and often hot place.
An average of less than 10 inches of
rain per year.
Organisms have special adaptations
to live in these places.
Plants grow far apart so that they do
not compete for the same water.
5. Some plants have shallow wide
spread roots.
6. Other plants such as the cactus
have soft, “fleshy” stems and leave so
that they may store water.
7. Animals maybe only active at night
when the temperatures are cooler.
8. Other animals will bury
themselves into the dirt and
hibernate during the “dry season”
9. Desert tortoises eat flowers and
store the water under their shells.
V. Tundras
1. Very cold temperatures and
little rain fall.
2. Two types
a. Polar
b. Alpine
A. Polar tundra
1. Near North and South Poles.
2. Second layer of soil is always
frozen.
a. Called the permafrost
3.During the short summers only the
surface soil will thaw.
4. Grasses and shrubs are common
5. Under these shrubs mosses and
lichens may grow.
6. Animals include musk oxen,
wolves and caribou
Alpine Tundra
1. Also has a permafrost
2. Tops of mountains
3. Above the tree line
a. Trees cannot grow this high in
altitude
4. Lots of sunlight and precipitation
Section 2: Marine Bioem
Life in the Ocean
Shaped by abiotic factors.
B. Include water temperature, depth,
and amount of sunlight that passes
into the water.
C. Plankton is a type of animals that
floats near the surface of the water
and many of them are producers.
A.
1.
The base of the ocean’s food chains.
Temperature
A. Decreases with depth
1. The further down you go the
colder the water gets
B. Not a gradual change ocean
is split into 3 zones.
1.
Surface zone - the top layer
extends to 300 m below sea
level.
a. The sun heats the top 100 m
and the currents mix this with
the rest of the top 300 m.
2. Thermocline zone - from 301 m.
- 700 m.
a. In this zone the temperature
drops quicker with depth more
than any other zone.
3. Deep zone – from 701 m. and
beyond.
c). Averages a chilling 2o C
C. Areas of water near the equator are
warmer than areas close to the
poles.
D. Temperature can affect if some
animals can eat.
E. Sudden change in water
temperature can kill some animals.
III. Depth and sunlight
A. In addition to temperature life in
the water is affected by depth and
the amount of sunlight there is.
A. The intertidal zone
1. This is where the ocean meets the
land.
2. Exposed during the day to the air.
3. Waves are always crashing on the rock
and sand.
4. Animals here have adaptations to
survive exposure to air and to keep
from being swept away by the waves.
B. The Neritic Zone
1. Here the ocean floor will start to
slope down.
2. Home to coral, sea turtles, fish,
and dolphins.
The Oceanic Zone
1. Sea floor drops sharply.
2. Home to fish, sharks and whales.
3. Animals that live here can live
very deep.
4.Sometimes get their food from
material that sinks to this level.
The Benthic Zone
This is the ocean floor.
2. The deepest parts of the
benthic zone do not get
any sunlight.
3. Often very cold
1.
4. Animals that call this home are fish,
worms, and crabs.
5. Have special adaptations for such dark deep
water.
6. Can feed off of chemicals that escape from
thermal vents in ocean floor
a. Thermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s
crust.
A closer look
A. Intertidal Areas
1. Include mudflats, sandy
beaches and rocky shores.
2. Animals that live here must
be able to live above and below
water.
3. Animals that live on rocks may use
a root like system called holdfasts
to attach themselves to the rocks.
4. Other animals can attach
themselves to rocks by using a glue
like substance
Coral Reefs
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most coral reefs are found in warm,
shallow areas of the neritic zone.
New corals can grow on the skeletons of
old corals.
Over time skeletons of coral will build
up and create reefs.
These reefes provide a home for many
marine animals.
Including
Algae
b) Bright fish
c) Sponges
d) Sea stars
e) Sea urchins
a)
Estuaries
1.
2.
3.
4.
Where freshwater from streams and
rivers spill into the ocean
The amount of salt in the water is
always changing.
Very rich in nutrient
Lots of plankton, thus lots of food for
other fish.
The Sargasso Sea
1. Middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Contains floating rafts of algae
called sagassum
Polar Ice
1. Icy waters are rich in nutrients
2. Supports large numbers of plankton
3. Polar bears and penguins.
Section 3
Fresh Water Biomes
I. Stream and River Ecosystem
1.
2.
3.
The water from brooks, streams,
and rivers may flow from melting
snow or a spring.
A spring is a place where water
flows from underground to the
Earth’s surface.
The place where a smaller system
joins a larger system is called a
tributary
4. Each time a stream of water joins
another more water is added and a
larger stream is formed.
5. Characterized by their abiotic
features
a. The most important being how
fast the water moves.
6. Streams and rivers are full of life
II. Pond and Lake Ecosystems
A. Life near the shore
1. The area of water closets to the
edge is called the littoral zone
2. Sunlight can heat the bottom of
this level.
3. Animals that live here are clams
worms, frogs, salamanders, etc.
III. Life away from the shore
B. The area that extends from the
littoral zone across the top of the
water is called the open-water
zone.
1. The sunlight can only go as
deep as this zone is.
2. Home to bass, lake trout, etc.
2. Under the open-water zone is the
deep-water zone where no sunlight
reaches.
a. Catfish, carp, worm, crustaceans,
fungi, and bacteria live here.
b. Often feed on dead organisms that
sink from above.
III. Wetland Ecosystem
1.
2.
An area of land that is
sometimes underwater or
whose soil contains a great deal
of moisture is called a wetland.
Wetlands help replenish
underground water supplies
A. Marshes
1. A treeless wetland
2. Found in shallow areas of lakes,
ponds, rivers and even streams.
3. Grasses, reeds, bulrushes and wild
rice.
B. Swamps
1. A wetland where trees and vines
grow
2. Found in low-lying areas beside
slow-moving rivers.
3. Willows, bald cypresses and
oaks are common trees.
4. Poison ivy, will grow up tree
trunks
5. Orchids may hang from
branches.
6. Home to many fish, snakes, and
birds.
BOO
NOT REAL!!!!!
IV. From a Lake to a Forest
1. When dead animals and plants
begin to decay
2. The bacteria that does the decaying
uses a lot of oxygen in the water.
3. Over time the water will fill with
sediment because the fish can’t live
without the oxygen in the water
4. Slowly the pond/lake becomes a
wetland
5. The plants in the wetland use up
the rest of the water
6. When it dries out it becomes
forest.