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By : Israel Davila The Phoenicians were a people who occupied the coast of the Levant (eastern Mediterranean). What the Phoenicians actually called themselves is unknown, though it may have been the ancient term Canaanite. Phoenician religion was inspired by the powers and processes of nature. Many of the gods they worshiped, however, were localized and are now known only under their local names. A pantheon was presided over by the father of the gods, but a goddess was the principal figure in the Phoenician pantheon The Phoenicians worshipped a triad of deities, each having different names and attributes depending upon the city in which they were worshipped, although their basic nature remained the same. The Phoenicians; explorers, traders and inventors of the alphabet. The Phoenician economy was built on timber sales, wood working, and cloth dyeing. Gradually the Phoenician city-states became centers of maritime trade and manufacturing. alphabet The Phoenicians are most often credited with having invented the basic alphabet around 1200 B.C., but their exact role in its creation is under debate. glass Though glass had been accidentally discovered and used 1000 years prior by the ancient Egyptians, the Phoenicians were the first to deliberately make glass on a regular basis out of sand, limestone and sodium carbonate, molding the material according to their needs. They shaped molten glass until it hardened and cooled. This discovery took place around 1500 B.C.; the Phoenicians were generous with their knowledge and helped to spread it to Egypt. Hebrew, any member of an ancient northern Semitic people that were the ancestors of the Jews. These people are referred to as Israelites until their return from the Babylonian Exile in the late 6th century B.C.E., from which time on they became known as Jews. Judaism is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is a monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text, and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel. The Hebrews had an agricultural based economy where live-stock, fruits and vegetables were the main source of income. Other such goods as ceramics and jewelry that were locally produced by local merchants as well as exotics from the orient were exchanged, as Israel was along one of the ancient world's most important trade route. Ancient Greece was a Greek civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Greek religion (alternatively Hellenism) encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece, to the islands and coasts of Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia (Sicily and southern Italy), and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia (Marseille). Greek religion was tempered by Etruscan cult and belief to form much of the later Ancient Roman religion. The economy of ancient Greece was characterized by the extreme importance of importing goods, all the more so because of the relative poverty of Greece's soil. Beginning in the 6th century BC, craftsmanship and commerce developed and became increasingly more important in the classical period. Sheep and goats were the most common types of livestock. Woods were heavily exploited, first for domestic use and eventually to build triremes. Bees were kept to produce honey, the only source of sugar known to the ancient Greeks. Greek architects provided some of the finest and most distinctive buildings in the entire Ancient World and some of their structures, such as temples, theatres, and stadia, would become staple features of towns and cities from antiquity onwards. In addition, the Greek concern with simplicity, proportion, perspective, and harmony in their buildings would go on to greatly influence architects in the Roman world and provide the foundation for the classical architectural orders which would dominate the western world from the Renaissance to the present day. •http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phoe/hd_phoe.htm •http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/arc/profilecoin/html/religion.html •http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/phoenicia.htm •http://www.angelfire.com/empire2/unkemptgoose/Phonecian.html •http://www.ehow.com/info_8122796_inventions-phoenicians.html •http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/259033/Hebrew •http://www.ask.com/question/ancient-hebrew-economy