Download Islam 10-2

World History I
Name ________________________________ Bell ___________
10-2: Building a Muslim Empire pp 310-316
Abu Bakr
caliph
Sunni
Shiite
Sufis
Umayyads
Abbassids
Baghdad
minaret
sultan
Muhammad’s death in AD 632 cause his followers to grieve and forced them to figure out how to spread his teachings.
EARLY CHALLENGES TO ISLAM
1. ____________ __________________ was the first caliph, or successor to _________________________.
Arabs Unite Under Islam
2. Abu Bakr was able to convince the Arab tribesmen who were previously loyal to __________________________ that
they should unite under one leader.
Early Victories (p. 311)
3. Under the first __________________ caliphs, Arab Muslims celebrated victory over 2 powerful empires:
a.
b.
4. First they took provinces of ____________________ and ______________________ from the Byzantines, including
the cities of _________________________ and ___________________________.
5. Next then captured the weakened ________________________ empire and swept into ________________________
Egypt.
DIVISIONS EMERGE WITHIN ISLAM
Sunnis and Shiites
1. Those who thought Muhammad’s son-in-law, ___________ _______________, should succeed him were called
___________________________, after shi’at Ali, or followers of Ali. Shiites believe: _____________________________
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2. Another group believed that since nobody could replace Muhammad, any good Muslim could lead the community.
The majority of Muslims, now called ________________________, believe: ____________________________________
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3. What are views that both branches of Islam share? (p. 312) : ______________________________________________
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4. Today 90% of Muslims are ________________________.
5. Why has there been a rift between Sunnis and Shia? : ____________________________________________________
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6. How are Sufis different from Suni and Shia Muslims? : ____________________________________________________
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UMAYYAD CALIPHS BUILD AN EMPIRE
1. After _____________’s death, a powerful Meccan clan
set up the ________________________ caliphate that
ruled the Muslim empire until AD 750. The capital was
_________________________, Syria.
2. They expanded Muslim rule from
______________________ in the west to
_______________________ River valley in the east.
Expanding the Muslim Empire
1. From Egypt, Arab Muslim __________________ moved __________________, defeating Byzantine forces across
______________________ Africa.
2. They crossed the Strait of ________________________ into Spain, and were stopped in _______________________,
France, by Frankish forces.
3. Muslim forces attacked (“besieged”) the Byzantine capital ___________________________ but failed.
Reasons for Muslim Success
4. Weakness of the _________________________ and _______________________ empires.
5. Many people were happy and __________________________ Arab rule after harsh conditions imposed by Persian
and Byzantine rulers.
6. Arabs engaged in bold, efficient _____________________ methods. Bedouin ____________________ and
_______________________ cavalry were able to overwhelm adversaries.
7. Under the first 4 caliphs, Muslims _________________________ previously competing tribes.
Treatment of Conquered People
1. Muslim leaders set restrictions and ____________________ non-Muslims, but allowed Christians, Jews, and
__________________________ to practice their own faiths and follow their own laws.
2. Early Umayyad leaders didn’t want to convert them because the _______________ they paid supported the armies.
3. Arab settlers stayed ______________________________ from native populations.
4. Why did Islam appeal to many people of North Africa and Central Asia? ______________________________________
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Decline of the Umayyad Caliphate
5. Three reasons for decline were:
a.
b.
c.
RISE OF THE ABASSIDS (p. 314)
1. Led by ________________________, descended from Muhammad’s uncle, Abassids captured the city of
________________________ with the help of _____________________ and non __________________________.
2. The Abassid dynsasty lasted from AD __________________- ___________________.
Changes Under the Abassids
3. This empire was based on the _________________________ of all Muslims.
4. How did this empire reach its greatest wealth and power? ________________________________________________
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5. Abassids moved the capital from _________________________ to __________________________, a small market
town on the banks of the ____________________________ River.
6. It blended ______________________ and Arab culture.
Splendors of Baghdad
7. The second Abassid caliph, _______________________________, was the site of his new capital.
8. Baghdad was larger and wealthier than ________________________________ and earned the title of the “City of
__________________________, Gift of ______________________ , and _____________________ on Earth.”
9. ______________ times daily, muezzins called people to prayer from the tops of the __________________________,
or towers surrounding the mosques.
Muslim Culture in Spain
10. Surviving ________________________ members fled to Spain, where Muslim rulers co-existed with Christians.
11. Centers of learning emerged in _______________________, Spain.
12.
The Alhambra in ___________________,
Spain
13. Muslim rule endured in parts of Spain until __________________.
THE MUSLIM EMPIRE DECLINES
1. Abassids never ruled Spain, and in AD __________________, their holdings declined.
Seljuk Turks Take Control
2. What did Seljuk Turks adopt in AD 900? _____________________________
3. By 1055, a Seljuk sultan controlled __________________________, pushed into Asia Minor (modern Turkey), and
threatened the _____________________________ empire.
4. ___________________________ pilgrims couldn’t get into the city of _______________________________, so Pope
Urban II called for the first _______________________ in AD 1095.
Mongols Sweep Across Central Asia
5. In 1216, _______________ _________________ led Mongols out of Central Asia across SW Asia.
6. What did his grandson, Hugalu, do in AD 1258? He burned and looted ________________________ and killed the last
Abassid _______________________.
7. What did Tamerlane do in the 1300s? ________________________________________________________________
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