Download World History Chapter 15 The Renaissance and Reformation

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The Renaissance and
Reformation
Ch. 15.1
The Italian Renaissance
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Key Vocabulary
Renaissance
Humanists
Perspective
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Key People
Francesco Petrarch
Niccolo Machiavelli
Baldassare Castiglione
Giotto
Masaccio
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Rafael
Titian
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An Era of Awakening
In the early 1300’s a movement began in Italy
that would alter how Europeans viewed
themselves and their world.
The Renaissance – or “rebirth” was both a
philosophical and artistic movement and the
era when that movement flourished.
Medieval scholars had studied ancient history
and tried to bring everything they learned into
harmony with Christian teachings.
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An Era of Awakening
Italian Renaissance scholars studied
the ancient world to explore its great
achievements.
A new emphasis on the power of
human reason developed, and many
advances were made in the arts and
sciences.
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Causes
In many ways it was natural that
the Renaissance would begin in
Italy.
Italian cities such as Florence,
Milan, Naples, Rome, and Venice
had grown rich through trade
and industry.
Their citizens included
educated, wealthy merchants
and bankers.
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The Humanities
• In the early Renaissance of the 1300s, Italian
scholars turned to classical Greek and Roman
literature to study grammar, history, poetry,
and rhetoric.
• These studies are called the humanities and
people who specialized in them were
humanists.
• As humanists studied classical manuscripts,
they came to believe that it was important to
understand how things worked.
• This belief led humanists to emphasize
education.
The Humanities
Although fascinated by the classics,
most humanists were Catholics who
remained committed to Christian
teachings.
Humanists viewed life not only as a
preparation for the afterlife, but also
as a joy in itself.
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Italian Renaissance Writers
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One of the first humanists was Francesco
Petrarch.
Petrarch became famous as a scholar and
a teacher.
His sonnets to Laura, an imaginary ideal
woman, are considered some of the
greatest love poems in literature.
His main influence grew out of his desire to
continue the work of the classical writers.
He thought these writers could best be
imitated by studying their writings.
Soleasi Nel Mio Cor
She ruled in beauty o'er this heart of mine, A noble
lady in a humble home, And now her time for
heavenly bliss has come, 'Tis I am mortal proved,
and she divine. The soul that all its blessings
must resign, And love whose light no more on
earth finds room, Might rend the rocks with pity
for their doom, Yet none their sorrows can in
words enshrine; They weep within my heart; and
ears are deaf Save mine alone, and I am crushed
with care, And naught remains to me save
mournful breath. Assuredly but dust and shade we
are, Assuredly desire is blind and brief, Assuredly
its hope but ends in death.
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Italian Renaissance Writers
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• The study of ancient Greek and Roman
literature came to be called classical
education.
• Petrarch thought it important to lead a full
and active life here on earth.
• Niccolo Machiavelli, a Florentine diplomat and
historian wrote the essay The Prince in 1513.
• Machiavelli sought to describe government
not in terms of lofty ideals but in the way it
actually worked.
• Machiavelli can be considered a humanist
because he looked to the ancient Romans as
models.
Italian Renaissance Writers
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Baldassare Castiglione published what was
probably the most famous book of the
Renaissance, The Book of the Courtier in
1529.
The setting for the book is the court of
Urbino, an Italian city-state where
Castiglione lived for many years.
In his book, Castiglione used real people
engaged in fictional conversations to
explain how gentlemen and gentlewomen
should act in a polite society.
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Italian Renaissance Artists
• Renaissance artists created realistic
scenes and images.
• They depicted lifelike human figures in
their paintings.
• Renaissance painters used a technique
called perspective to make their paintings
more lifelike.
• Perspective – making distant objects
smaller than those in the foreground and
arranging them to create the illusion of
depth on a flat canvas.
Italian Renaissance Artists
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Giotto was a magnificent early realist painter.
According to legend, a fly in one of Giotto’s works
looked so real that an observer triet to brush it off the
painting.
Another important early realist was Masaccio who used
light and shadows to create a powerful sense of depth
in his paintings.
Scholars often call the late 1400s and early 1500s the
High Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci was an architect, engineer, painter,
sculptor, and scientist.
He made sketches of plants and animals, as well as
detailed drawings of a flying machine and a submarine.
His studies in anatomy helped him draw realistic
human figures.
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Italian Renaissance Artists
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Michelangelo was a brilliant painter.
Millions of people have visited the Sistine Chapel of
the Vatican, the residence of the Pope in Rome, to
view his painting on the chapel ceiling.
In addition to his art, Michelangelo, wrote poetry and
helped to design St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
Rafael became so popular in Florence that the pope
hired him to help beautify the Vatican.
Titian spent most of his life in Venice.
His works are known for their sense of drama and rich
colors.
Titian was one of the first painters to become wealthy
from his work.
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Free Response
Why was the Renaissance considered a time
of rebirth?
Introduction paragraph 1
Include in your answer the following:
Topic 1: rediscovery of ancient achievements
(name them)
Topic 2: human reason (examples)
Topic 3: advances in the arts and sciences
(name them).
Conclusion paragraph 5
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Western Tradition Video
Series
The Renaissance and the Age of Discovery
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