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Chapter 6 Vocabulary 1. Fibers – usually made up of many filaments twisted or bonded together to form a thread or yarn 2. Textiles – fabrics woven in a distinctive pattern (although bonded textiles, such as felt, lack a pattern) 3. Generic – related to an entire group or class of products; not having a brand name 4. Fabric – in this context, a cloth material made up of fibers woven or bonded together in a distinctive manner 5. Filaments – single strands of material, usually twisted with other filaments to make a thread or fiber 6. Inorganic – refers to substances not composed primarily of hydrocarbons, that is, carbon and hydrogen. Examples of inorganic fibers are asbestos and fiberglass. Inorganic is the opposite of organic. 7. Yarn – a continuous strand off fibers or filaments, either twisted or not 8. Warp – the lengthwise yarn or thread in a weave 9. Weft or woof- the crosswise yarn or thread in a weave 10. Blend – a fabric made up of two or more different types of fiber, usually as warp or weft 11. Polypeptide – a biochemical polymer formed by linking amino acids; the longer chains are called proteins 12. Helix – a spiral arrangement, like a corkscrew, of a long-chain molecule 13. Keratin – the main protein in all animal hair, including human hair 14. Plastics – substances that flow under heat and pressure and can, therefore, be molded into various shapes. All plastics are polymers, but not polymers are plastics. 15. Catalyst – a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process 16. Viscosity – the resistance of a fluid to flow. Water has a low viscosity relative to syrup. Heating generally lowers the viscosity of a liquid. 17. Homopolymers – polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. Each is made from one monomer only. 18. Polyethers – a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms. 19. Density – a physical property of matter. Mass of an object divided by the volume of the object 20. Becke line – a halolike shadow appearing around an object immersed in a liquid of a different refractive index 21. Optical brighteners – colorless dyes that cause blue light to be reflected, thereby making an object look whiter 22. Chromatography – a method of separating components of mixtures based on preferential adsorption or partitioning of components in a gas, liquid, or solution. In paper chromatography, the cellulose of the paper acts as the adsorbing medium. In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the silica gel or alumina selectively adsorbs the components of the mixture. The word chromatography is derived from the Greek chroma, color, and graphe, writing. 23. Chromatogram – the record of chromatographic separation 24. Elute – to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent 25. Retention factor – a ratio used to characterize and compare components of samples in liquid chromatography