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Haldia Institute of Technology
Department of Food Technology
COURSE INFORMATION
Course Code: ME-201
Course Name: Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics
Contacts: 4h (3L + 1T)
Credits: 4
COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course, the incumbent will be able to:
ME201.1 Ability to understand the basics and meanings of thermodynamics and fluid.
ME201.2 Ability to understand and introduce the laws of thermodynamics, their
implications, and become familiar with their use and applications.
ME201.3 Ability to understand work and heat transfer, enthalpy, entropy etc. for calculating
different engineering problems.
ME201.4 Ability to understand fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics and hence to gather
knowledge of compressible , incompressible liquid, also knowledge of manometer,
venturimeter, orifice meter, rotameter like flow behavior measuring devices .
ME201.5 Ability to design and develop solutions for practical engineering problems related to
different cycles, refrigeration systems and system components.
ME201.6 Ability to apply the knowledge of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics for
coming semester subjects (eg. Food Process Engineering etc.), so that it can help to
understand those subjects very effectively.
PREREQUISITES
To understand this course, the incumbentmust have idea of:
 Elementary mathematics
 Elementary chemistry, physics
SYLLABI
Module 1: 8L+3T
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
Introduction: Microscopic and Macroscopic viewpoints
Definition of Thermodynamic systems: closed, open and isolated systems
Concept of Thermodynamics state; state postulate.
Definition of properties: intensive, extensive & specific properties.
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic processes; quasi-static, reversible & irreversible processes; Thermodynamic
cycles.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of empirical temperature.
Heat and Work
Definition & units of thermodynamic work.
Examples of different forms of thermodynamic works; example of electricity flow as work.
Work done during expansion of a compressible simple system
Definition of Heat; unit of Heat
Similarities & Dissimilarities between Heat & Work
Ideal Equation of State, processes; Real Gas
Definition of Ideal Gas; Ideal Gas Equations of State.
Thermodynamic Processes for Ideal Gas; P-V plots; work done, heat transferred for isothermal,
isobaric, isochoric, isentropic & polytropic processes.
Equations of State of Real Gases: Vander Waal’s equation; Virial equation of state.
Properties of Pure Substances
p-v & P-T diagrams of pure substance like H2O
Introduction to steam table with respect to steam generation process; definition of saturation, wet
& superheated status.
Definition of dryness fraction of steam, degree of superheat of steam.
Module 2: 4L+3T
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Definition of Stored Energy & Internal Energy
1st Law of Thermodynamics for cyclic processes
Non Flow Energy Equation
Flow Energy & Definition of Enthalpy
Conditions for Steady State Steady flow: Steady State Steady Flow Energy Equation.
Module 3: 6L+3T
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Definition of Sink, Source Reservoir of Heat.
Heat Engine, heat Pump & Refrigerator; Thermal efficiency of Heat Engines & co-efficient of
performance of Refrigerators.
Kelvin – Planck & Clausius statements of 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Absolute or Thermodynamic scale of temperature
Clausius Integral
Entropy
Entropy change calculation for ideal gas processes.
Carnot Cycle & Carnot efficiency
PMM-2; definition & its impossibility
Module 4: 6L+3T
Air standard Cycles for IC engines
Otto cycle; plot on P-V, T-S planes; Thermal efficiency
Diesel cycle; plot on P-V, T-S planes; Thermal efficiency
Rankine cycle of steam
h-s chart of steam (Mollier’s Chart)
Simple Rankine cycle plot on P-V, T-S, h-s planes
Rankine cycle efficiency with & without pump work
(Problems are to solved for each module)
Module 5: 9L+3T
Properties & Classification of Fluids
Ideal & Real fluids
Newton’s law of viscosity; Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids Compressible and
Incompressible fluids
Fluid Statics
Pressure at a point
Measurement of Fluid Pressure
Manometers: simple & differential
U-tube
Inclined tube
Fluid Kinematics
Stream line, laminar & turbulent flow, external & internal flow
Continuity equation
Dynamics of ideal fluids
Bernoulli’s equation
Total head; Velocity head; Pressure head
Application of Bernoulli’s equation
Measurement of Flow rate: Basic principles
Venturimeter
Pilot tube
Orifice meter
(Problems are to be solved for each module)
LECTURE PLAN
Lecture
Details of coverage
No.
Introduction on Thermodynamics; Significance of
1
this subject in B.Tech. Course.
Properties, System, Process, First law of
2
Thermodynamics, cyclic process, Adiabatic
process, Work.
Heat and Work transfer (isobaric, isochoric,
3
isothermal, polytropic). Different kinds of work.
P-V work. Graphically representation. Different
4
numerical problems on work.
Internal energy, enthalpy, specific heats (relation
5
for ideal gas). Numerical problems.
6
7
8
Different numerical problems on heat transfer,
work transfer, specific heats.
Handout, Lecture Notes,
Links etc.
Lecture Note1
Physical
P.C.Rakhit.
Chemistry,
-----Do---------Do---------Do----Physical
P.C.Rakhit.
Chemistry,
Application of 1st law in flow process. Open system
Engineering Thermodynamics
or Control volume system. Derivation of S.F.E.E.
by P.K.Nag.
for a control volume process by using first law with
respect to unit mass and time.
Application of S.F.E.E. for Nozzle, Diffuser,
-----Do----Throttling valve, Turbine, Compressor, Pump, HE.
9
10
11
12
13
Numerical problems for devices using S.F.E.E.
Numerical problems for devices using S.F.E.E.
Zeroth law of Thermodynamics. Temperature.
Different thermometer and their thermometric
properties. Temperature measurement equations.
Different equations on temperature measurement by
using thermometers. Numerical problems.
Second law of Thermodynamics. Clausius and P-K
statement. Impossibility of their violation.
Equivalence of both the statements.
14
Heat engine (simple). Heat engine in power plant.
HTR, LTR, source,sink.
15
Refrigerator, heat pump. COP: Relation between
them.
16
Efficiency of heat pump and electric
heater.Carnot’s theorem, Carnot cycle (by P-V
diagram). Efficiency of this cycle.
17
Numerical problems on Carnot engine,
Refrigerator, HP.
18
19
20
Different numerical problems on Carnot engine,
Refrigerator, HP.
Entropy: definition, derivation of mathematical
expression. T vs. S diagram. Clausius inequality
(feasibility / possibility of a cyclic process and
checking of reversibility and irreversibility).
Combination of first and second law of
thermodynamics. Derivation of change in entropy
(generation of equations).
21
Numerical problems on entropy.
22
Different numerical problems on entropy.
Pure substances and their properties. P vs. V
diagram of water (detailed).P vs. T diagram.
T-S and h-s diagram. P-V-T diagram.
Quality and dryness fraction of steam. Steam tables
(all, details).
Numerical problems (by using steam tables)
23
24
25
26
27
Different numerical problems (by using steam
tables)
28
Properties of gas: EOS. Relation between
characteristic gas constant and universal gas
-----Do---------Do----Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
-----Do----Physical
P.C.Rakhit.
Chemistry,
Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
Physical Chemistry,
P.C.Rakhit.
Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
-----Do-----
-----Do----Physical
P.C.Rakhit.
Chemistry,
Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
-----Do---------Do---------Do---------Do---------Do----Engineering Thermodynamics
by P.K.Nag.
Engineering Thermodynamics
and Fluid Mechanics: P.K.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
constant. Ideal gas: specific heats, internal energy
and enthalpy.
Numerical problems on properties of gas (ideal).
Air standard cycles: power cycles. Engine
terminology (Bore, stroke, TDC, BDC, clearance
volume, displacement volume, compression ratio,
mean effective pressure / MEP).
Spark engine: Otto cycle. Derivation of efficiency.
Numerical problems.
Diesel cycle. Derivation of efficiency. Numerical
problems.
Comparison of Otto and Diesel cycle. Different
numerical problems.
Power cycles: Rankine cycle. Efficiency calculation
and power output of this cycle.
Numerical problems on Rankine cycle.
Properties of fluids: difference between liquids and
gases. Different fluid properties (density, specific
weight, specific volume, specific gravity,
viscosity).
Compressible and incompressible fluid. Newtonian
and non-Newtonian fluid (time dependent and time
independent).
Different numerical problems
Surface tension (cohesion, adhesion). ST on liquid
droplets, soap bubble, liquid jet. Numerical
problems.
Capillarity: capillary rise and depression.
Numerical problems.
Fluid statics: pressure, Pascal’s law. Basic equation
of fluid statics. Absolute, atmospheric, gauge and
vacuum pressures and their relations.
Measurement of pressure: by different manometers.
Numerical problems on manometer.
Kinematics of fluid flow: classifications of flows
like steady, unsteady, uniform, non-uniform,
laminar, turbulent, internal, external, inviscid,
viscous, rotational and irrotational flows.
Streamlines, path line, stream tube, streamline
equation. Numerical problems.
Continuity equation: steady equation(one
dimensional). Numerical problems on continuity
equation.
Numerical problems on incompressible fluids.
Nag, S. Pati, T. K. Jana.
-----Do---------Do-----
-----Do---------Do---------Do---------Do---------Do---------Do-----
-----Do-----
-----Do---------Do-----
-----Do----Engineering Thermodynamics
and Fluid Mechanics: P.K.
Nag, S. Pati, T. K. Jana.
-----Do---------Do-----
-----Do---------Do-----
Engineering Thermodynamics
and Fluid Mechanics: P.K.
Nag, S. Pati, T. K. Jana.
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Dynamics of ideal fluids: Euler’s equation
9derivation).
Bernoulli’s equation from Euler’s equation.
Static, dynamic, stagnation, hydrostatic and total
pressures—their relations.
Application of Bernoulli’s equation for
measurement of flow rate through pipes:
Venturimeter (coefficient of discharge and
discharge rate).
Numerical problem on Venturimeter.
Orifice meter (coefficient of discharge and
discharge rate).
Numerical problem on orifice meter.
Pitot tube (coefficient of discharge and discharge
rate).
-----Do---------Do---------Do---------Do-----
-----Do---------Do---------Do---------Do-----
Engineering Thermodynamics
55
Numerical problem on pitot tube.
and Fluid Mechanics: P.K.
Nag, S. Pati, T. K. Jana.
*Minimum 36 lectures for 3 contact courses and 48 lectures for 4 contact courses
RECOMMENDED READINGS
TEXT
1. Engineering Thermodynamics by P.K.Nag.
2. Engineering Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics: P.K. Nag, S. Pati, T. K. Jana.
REFERENCE
Physical Chemistry, P.C.Rakhit.