Download Important People of the Civil War 20) Who is

Civil War
&
Reconstruction Notes
Causes of Civil War
1) What were some of the causes of the Civil War?
a) Economic/ Social Differences in North & South
b) States V. Federal Rights
c) Abolitionist Movement
d) Abraham Lincoln’s Election of 1860
e) The Compromises (slave v. non slave states)
Cotton Gin
2) What caused slavery to grow in the South?
- the invention of the cotton gin; the more
cotton produced, the more slaves needed,
which made slavery grow
3) Why was cotton in such a high demand?
- New textile mills in Britain and New England
needed more cotton
The North and South
4) Explain the economy of the North.
-The North was better known as the Union ran by
Abraham Lincoln (President); its economy was
based on factories which made textiles, shoes,
tools, and other goods
5) Explain the economy of the South.
- The South was also known as the Confederacy
ran by Jefferson Davis; economy based on
agriculture/ farming which was aided by slaves
6) What is a tariff? Why did southerners dislike
tariffs?
- a tariff is a tax; Southerners had to pay higher
prices for goods such as steel and cloth; blamed
this on the North
7) How did issues of the states’ rights increase
tensions between the North and the South?
- states’ rights is idea that states, not federal
govt., should make final decisions concerning
them; Northern states passed laws to tax
goods from Europe, making them expensive;
the South felt the tax violated their states’
rights.
Abolitionists
8) What is an abolitionist?
- someone who joined the movement to
abolish, or end slavery
9) Who are some famous abolitionists of
this time?
a) William Lloyd Garrison- printed
antislavery newspaper called The
Liberator
b) Frederick Douglass- escaped slavery and
often spoke to white audiences about slavery;
was a writer
c) Sojourner Truth- preached against slavery
and in favor of women’s rights
d) Harriet Tubman- woman who escaped from
slavery and returned 19 times to lead others
to freedom; famous conductor of
Underground Railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin & John Brown
10) Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and how it
related to the Civil War?
- a book written by Harriet Beecher
Stowe that described the cruelty of
slavery; many Southerners were angry
pushing North and South
farther apart
11) Identify John Brown’s raid on Harper’s
Ferry and how it related to the Civil War?
- started a rebellion against slavery by
attacking a U.S Army post at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia; he was found guilty of treason and
hanged; Southerners saw him as a violent
man trying to destroy their way of life.
The Battles of the Civil War
12) What was the Civil War?
- a war between North and South
13) Explain the Attack on Fort Sumter, SC.
- in 1861, the starting battle of the Civil War b/c
Confederate wanted control of the fort but Union
wouldn’t give it to them;
14) Explain the Battle of Gettysburg.
- the turning point of the Civil War; Union
defeated; where Lincoln gave his famous
Gettysburg Address Speech
15) What happened at the Battle of
Vicksburg?
- The Union gained control over the
Mississippi River when the Confederate
surrendered;
16) Why was the Mississippi River so
important to the Civil War?
- this river was the pathway for most of the
supplies that came to the south; those who
controlled the river controlled the amount of
supplies coming into the south
17) Explain the Atlanta Campaign.
- Abraham Lincoln sent General William
Sherman down to Atlanta to capture it so that
he can win his second election;
18) Explain the Sherman’s March to the Sea.
- Sherman attacked Atlanta (which was a
major supply center) and marched all the way
to Savannah. This march became known as
March to the Sea; Sherman wrecked
everything in his path to make southerners
weak and give up. This was known as total
war;
19) Explain the Appomattox Court House.
- Robert E. Lee and the Confederate soldiers
surrendered; they had no supplies and many
soldiers had deserted or left; they were too
weak to fight anymore
Important People of the Civil War
20) Who is Abraham Lincoln?
-President twice; did not want slavery to
spread; wanted to reunite the North and
South; issued the Emancipation Proclamation;
wrote the Gettysburg Address
21) Explain the Emancipation
Proclamation.
- the freeing of enslaved people
22) Who is Robert E.
Lee?
23) Who is Ulysses S.
Grant?
- a strong general of the
Confederate army;
surrendered to Union
army after being
defeated in many
battles;
- made general of Union
by President Lincoln;
planned to regain the
South by destroying
everything it needed to
survive; ordered
Sherman’s March to the
Sea;
24) Who is Jefferson Davis?
- the president of the Confederate states;
ordered the attack on Fort Sumter; appointed
General Robert E. Lee as the leader of
Confederate Army;
25) Who is Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?
- was a general of Confederate Army; had great
ideas about how to fight the Union which led to many
victories; was shot by one of his own men by mistake;
Confederate suffered many defeats after his death
Reconstruction
26) Describe Reconstruction.
- the period when the South rejoined the
Union; soldiers had to be sent to enforce this
27) Describe some of the effects of the Civil War.
-North: grew stronger; environment was mostly
unharmed
- South: many farms, cities, and factories were
ruined; people had to rebuild their homes; most
people had no money and no jobs; economy
was damaged
28) Explain the work of the Freedmen’s
Bureau.
- Congress created this organization to
help poor whites and blacks It did the
following:
a) provided food and clothes
b) medical care
c) legal advice
d) set up hospitals and schools
29) Explain sharecropping.
- landowners came up with a system that let
poor whites and former slaves become
farmers; they used landowners land;
landowners often loaned sharecroppers tools
and seeds; kept poor whites and blacks in
debt
Three New Amendments
30) Describe the 13th Amendment.
- ends slavery in the United States
31) Describe the 14th Amendment.
- states could not limit rights of citizens;
guaranteed citizenship to all persons born in
the U.S.A and equal protection under due
process
32) Describe the 15th Amendment.
- gave all MEN the right to vote
Jim Crow & Black Codes
33) Describe the Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes.
- laws passed during Reconstruction to
discriminate against African Americans; made
it legal to have separate schools and hotels,
restaurants, theaters, trains, busses, and
restrooms; people like Nat Turner and John
Brown made these laws more harsh because
of what they did
34) Describe Booker T. Washington and his
accomplishments.
- a former slave who opened the Tuskegee
Institute in Alabama; he believed that African
Americans would receive equal treatment if
they were educated
35) Who was George
Washington Carver?
- teacher at Tuskegee Institute; invented 300
products made from peanuts; taught poor
southerners how to grow crops better