Download Name: : Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the

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Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Renaissance
Communes
Oligarchy
Popolo
Condottieri
Signori
Princely courts
Republic
Humanism
Individualism
Secularism
Christian Humanism
Patrons
“Orders”
“debate about women”
Gabelle
Pragmatic Sanction of Bouges
War of the Roses
Royal council
Court of Star Chamber
Justices of the Peace
Hermandades
Spanish conversos(New Christians)
Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms.
Francesco Petrarch
Savonarola
Giovanni Boccaccio
Brunelleschi
Pico della Mirandola
Leonardo da Vinci
Desiderius Erasmus
Michelangelo
Thomas More
Masaccio
Donatello
Conquest of Granada
Baldassare Castiglione
Habsburg-Valois wars
Niccolo Machiavelli
Jan van Eyck
John Gutenberg
Jerome Bosch
Lorenzo Valla
Francois Rabelais
Explain why each of the following is considered a “new monarch”.
Louis XI of France—
Henry VII of England—
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain—
Charles VII of France—
Cesare Borgia—
Review Questions
1. What five powers dominated the Italian peninsula in the fifteenth century? How did the Italian
city-states contribute to modern diplomacy?
2. Why did Italy become a battleground for the European superpowers after 1494?
3. What is humanism? What do humanists emphasize?
4. How does the concept of individualism help explain the Renaissance? Did women and common
people play a role in the Renaissance?
5. Discuss Christian humanism by describing the works and ideas of Thomas More and Desiderius
Erasmus.
6. How did the invention of movable type revolutionize European life?
7. How was Renaissance art different from medieval art?
8. How did the Renaissance in northern Europe differ from that of Italy?
9. Why were blacks valued in Renaissance society? What roles did they play in the economic and
social life of the times?
10. There was a new social class in twelfth-century Italy of wealthy urban merchants and bankers.
How and why did this social class come into being and how did it affect the movement toward
republican government?
11. In what ways did life for upper-class women change during the Renaissance?
12. What were the obstacles to royal authority faced by the kings of France in the Fifteenth
century? How did Charles VII and his successors strengthen the French monarchy?
13. What devices did Henry VII of England use to check the power of the aristocracy and strengthen
the monarchy?
14. What were the achievements of Ferdinand and Isabella in the areas of national power and
national expansion? How did they accomplish this?
15. Who were the New Christians (conversos) in Spain and why were they ultimately killed or
expelled?