Download Symbiosis

SYMBIOSIS
The relationship between two organisms.
•Mutualism
•Parasitism
•Commensalism
•Competition
•Predation
•Neutralism
MUTUALISM 
•both species benefiting from each other.
Lichens are fungus
and algae living
together.
Algae produces the
food and the fungus
absorbs the
nutrients.
More Mutualistic Relationships
Bee gets food and the flower gets pollinated.
The bacteria cannot independently fix nitrogen, and require a plant host.
The plant gets lots of nitrogen in return
The Nile crocodile opening
its mouth to permit the
Egyptian Plover to feed on
any leeches attached to its
gums.
A clown fish clean the
anemone from its parasites by
eating it while the anemone
protects it against its prey.
PARASITISM 
one species draws nourishment at the expense of the other
The lamprey eel gets
energy from the fish.
Parasites rarely kill the
host but will leave
wounds
WHAT ARE SOME OTHER PARASITES?
• Viruses
• Flukes (liver parasites)
• Tape worms
Fungus (athletes foot)
• Trypanasoma (malaria)
• Bacteria
• Facial mites
COMMENSALISM 
One organism benefits and the other is not affected.
Examples:
• Ciliates living in the guts of some herbivores.
• Colon Bacteria in humans.
• hummingbirds hitchhike rides with other birds
Remoras that ride attached to sharks and
other fishes. Remoras feed on the leftovers
of their hosts' meals.
COMPETITION 
1. Interspecific competition -between two or
more species for some resource. (space
or food)
Example Video

Intraspecific competition -struggle between
members of a population for a resource.
NEUTRALISM

Two species not affecting each other.
 tarantulas
living in a desert and the cacti living in a
desert
 Insects living together but don’t compete for the
same food. Grasshopper / bee
PREDATION

Predation is a relationship where one organism
captures and consumes another.



A predator’s survival depends on its ability to
catch its prey.


Predator – organism doing the capturing
Prey – organism being captured
Ex: rattlesnake venom, spider web, etc.
A prey’s survival depends on its ability to avoid
being caught.

Camouflage, mimicry, physical/chemical defenses
IDENTIFY FOUR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS