Download 大连医科大学教务处

考试日期：2013 年 1 月 4 日
开卷□
题 号
一
二
三
四
满 分
35
20
25
20
闭卷√
五
六
C. Autoregulation
D. Neural-humoral regulation
E. None of the above
答卷时间：2 小时
七
八
合计
100
得 分
阅
卷
人
( ) 4. The membrane potential will depolarize by the greatest amount if the
membrane permeability increases for
A. Potassium
B. Sodium and potassium
C. Chloride
D. Potassium and chloride
E. Sodium
审
核
人
得 分
PartⅠ. Choose the ONE best answer, then fill the corresponding letter in the blank.
(35 points, 1 point for each one )
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
选项
题号
选项
题号
( ) 3. During aerobic exercise, blood flow remains relatively constant within
A. The skin
B. The heart
C. The brain
D. The skeletal muscles
E. The kidneys
( ) 5. Which of the following words or phrases is most closely associated with
an end-plate potential at the neuromuscular junction
A. “All-or-none response”
B. Depolarization
C. Hyperpolarization
D. Action potential
E. Electrically excitable gates
选项
题号
选项
( )1. Which one of the following is a physiological process with negative
feedback?
A. Blood coagulation
B. Micturition reflex
C. Sino-aortic baroreceptor reflex
D. Na+ influx during action potential
E. Process of parturition
( ) 2. The acceleration of heart rate caused by catecholamine（儿茶酚胺）
hormones released from adrenal gland after doing exercise, it is
A. Neural regulation
B. Humoral regulation
( ) 6. The sodium gradient across the nerve cell membrane is
A. A result of the Donnan equilibrium
B. Significantly changed during an action potential
C. Used as a source of energy for the transport of other ions
D. An important determinant of the resting membrane potential
E. Maintained by a Na/Ca exchanger
( ) 7. Which of the followings can serve as second messengers?
A. cAMP
B. Ca2+
C. IP3
D. NO (nitric oxide)
E. all of the above
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
) 8. The initial factor for extrinsic pathway of blood clotting is
factor VII
factor III
factor XII
factor X
factor I
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
) 9.Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Determines water distribution between tissue cells and interstitial fluid
Influences water distribution between blood and interstitial fluid
Maintains cellular shape and size for blood cells
Maintains cellular shape and size for tissue cells
Ddetermines the total plasma osmotic pressure
( ) 10. If one’s red blood cells agglutinate with plasma of blood type B， but
not with plasma of blood type A, the blood type of this person is
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type AB
D. Type O
E. Rh ( ) 11. At the end of a quiet inspiration, intra-alveolar pressure is normally
A. 240 cmH2O
B. 24 cmH2O
C. 0 cm H2O
D. 14 cmH2O
E. 140 cmH2O
( ) 12. A 43-year-old man whose pulmonary ventilation is 7500ml/min, the
respiratory frequency is 20/min, the dead space is 125ml, and the
minute cardiac output is 5000ml presents to your clinic. What is his
ventilation/perfusion ratio?
A. 0.7
B. 0.8
C. 0.9
D. 1.0
E. 2.0
( ) 13.When the respiratory muscles are relaxed, the lungs are at
A. Residual volume (RV)
B. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
C. Functional residual capacity (FRC)
D. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
E. Total lung capacity (TLC)
( ) 14.Effect of lower PO2 on respiratory movement is mainly to stimulate:
A. Medulla respiratory center
B. Aortic body
C. Carotid body
D. Pons respiratory center
E. Central chemoreceptor
( ) 15.If communication between the SA node and the AV node becomes
blocked which is most certainly affected:
A.the ventricles will contract at a slower rate
B. afterload will increase
C.the atria will contract at a slower rate
D.stroke volume will increase
E.all of the above
(
) 16.According to Starling's Law of the heart, cardiac output is directly
related to:
A.the size of the ventricles
B. the heart rate
C.amount of blood returning to the heart
D.end-systolic volume
E.cardiac reserve
( ) 17.A 41-year-old male suffering from unstable angina（不稳定型心绞痛）
is undergoing cardiac testing. At rest, his heart rate is 70 beats per
minute. His left ventricular end-diastolic volume is estimated to be
150mL, while his end systolic volume is 80mL. What is his estimated
cardiac output?
A. 3900mL/min
B. 4400 mL/min
C. 4900 mL/min
D. 5400 mL/min
E. 5900 mL/min
( ) 18.The blood vessels that play the most important role in the regulation of
blood flow to a tissue and blood pressure are the:
A.arterioles
B. capillaries
C.venules
D.arteries
E.veins
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
) 19.Volume change in the left ventricle is the greatest during
rapid ejection and rapid filling
reduced ejection and reduced filling
reduce ejection and rapid filling
rapid ejection and reduced filling
atrial contraction
( ) 20.A 20-year-old female tennis player has just won a tennis match on a
warm summer day. Her blood pressure at this time is 135/70 mmHg
with a heart rate of 140 beats per minute and a respiratory rate of 25 per
minute. She is flushed （脸发红）and sweating profusely. Compared to
the resting state, what can be said about the level of activity of
sympathetic nerves to her heart and to her cutaneous vasculature（皮肤
血管）?
A. both are increased
B. both are decreased
C. neither is different from at rest
D. sympsthetic activity to the heart is decreased while that to the cutaneous
vasculature is increased
E. sympsthetic activity to the heart is increased while that to the cutaneous
vasculature is decreased
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
) 21.After secretion of trypsinogen into the duodenum, the enzyme is
converted into its active form, trypsin, by
Enterokinase
Procarboxypeptidase
Pancreatic lipase
Previously secreted trypsin
An alkaline pH
( ) 22.The major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from damage by
gastric acid is
A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
B. The endogenous mucosal barrier of the duodenum
C. Duodenal bicarbonate secretion
D. Hepatic bicarbonate secretion
E. Bicarbonate contained in bile
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
) 23.When parietal cells are stimulated, they secrete
HCl and intrinsic factor
HCl and pepsinogen
HCl and HCO3HCO3- and intrinsic factor
mucus and pepsinogen
( ) 24.The principal paracrine secretion involved in the inhibitory feedback
regulation of gastric acid secretion is
A. Gastrin
B.Somatostatin
C.Histamine
D.Enterogastrone
E.Acetylcholine
( ) 25.Which term most precisely describes the general process of combining
small molecules to form large molecules ?
A. metabolism
B. dehydration
C. catabolism
D. anabolism
E. endergonic reaction
( ) 26. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) measures the rate of energy expenditure
when ____________.
A. a dieter is fasting
B. the person is asleep
C. the person is doing light office work
D. the body is awake but resting
E. the subject has not eaten for at least 2 hours
( ) 27. The factor that causes the most dramatic effect on metabolic rate is
A. Muscle activity
B. Emotional state
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Environmental temperature
E. Food intake
( ) 28.The term "renal autoregulation" refers in part to the fact that
A. the kidney does not require blood flow to sustain its active transport
B. the kidney contains baroreceptors (pressure receptors) that contribute to the
regulation of cardiac output
C. renal blood flow is relatively constant over a wide range of systemic arterial
pressures
D. renal blood flow is not affected by activation of the sympathetic nerves that
innervate the kidney
E. a combination of both C and D above
( ) 29.The nerves that innervate the kidney are essential for regulating which of
the following?
A. Na-K-ATPase active transport pump rate
B. renal autoregulation of blood flow
C. urine volume and tonicity (osmolality)
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
( ) 30. All of the following are normally found in urine except
A. glucose
B. sodium ions
C. uric acid
D. urea(尿素)
E. creatinine(肌酐)
( ) 31.Drinking which of the following would lead to the highest rate of ADH
secretion and release?
A. two liters of distilled water
B. two liters of sea water (mainly hyperosmotic saline)
C. two liters of iso-osmotic (isotonic) saline
D. two liters of human blood plasma
E. none of the above, since drinking two liters of any liquid leads to inhibition of ADH release
( ) 32.All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT:
A. adrenal glands
B. sebaceous glands（皮脂腺）
C. pineal glands
D. pituitary glands
E. thyroid glands
( ) 33.All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT
A. human growth hormone (GH).
B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C. parathyroid hormone(PTH).
D. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
E. Prolactin
( ) 34. The gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland is the
A. thyroid..
B. thymus..
C. pituitary.
D. adrenal gland.
E. pancreas.
得 分
PartⅡ.
Write out the meaning of each concept ( 20 points; 2 points for each one )
1. The internal environment:
2. Excitability:
3. Hematocrite (Ht):
4. Oxygen dissociation curve:
5. Central venous pressure:
6. Cardiac afterload:
7. Secretin：
8. Stress reaction：
( ) 35. The physiological effect of aldosterone is to increase tubular
A. K+ and Na+ reabsorption.
B. K+ reabsorption and Na+ secretion.
C. K+ excretion and Na+ reabsorption
D. K+ and Na+ secretion
E. None of above
9. Body temperature：
10. Renal threshold for glucose：
得 分
with loop diuretics （ furosemide 速 尿 ） and subsequently develops
hypokalemia（低钾血症）.
(1)How do the loop diuretics work?
(2)How do the loop diuretics cause hypokalemia?
Part Ⅲ. Simple questions (Answer all of these five questions in the simple way) ( 25
points; 5 points for each one )
1. What is the facilitated diffusion and its features?
2. State briefly the three stages of blood coagulation.
得 分
Part Ⅳ.
each one)
Questions (Answer these two questions in detail) (20 points, 10 points for
1. Try to compare the effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine on
cardiovascular system.
3. State the physiological function of pulmonary surfactant (surface active
substance).
4. Describe the regulatory mechanisms of the pancreatic secretion.
5. A-60-year-old man with congestive heart failure(充血性心力衰竭) is treated
2. A 41-year-old man with weight loss, fatigue, polydipsia(烦渴), Polyphagia(多
食), polyuria（多尿）, and elevated fasting blood sugar（空腹血糖） is diagnosed
with type Ⅰdiabetes mellitus.
(1)What are the functions of insulin in our bodies?
(2)What are the major factors that regulate the insulin secretion?