Download The French Revolution and Napoleon Chapter 6 World History A

The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 6 World History A
Section 1
1. Know what “bourgeoisie” is and which
groups of people made up the bourgeoisie.
2.
Know what “ancient regime” was.
3. Know what many people believe the
Bastille symbolized.
4.
Know which groups of people and the
percentage of the population that made up
the three estates of French society.
5.
Be able to cite several causes of the
economic crisis in France.
6.
Be able to describe what effect the
national debt had on France.
The French Middle Class.
Bourgeoisie was made up of doctors,
lawyers, businessmen, bankers,
merchants, journalists, professors,
but they were still part of the Third
Estate
The name given to the old order of
French society—divided society into
social classes (1st Estate-Clergy) (2nd
Estate-Nobles) (3rd Estate)
The Bastille was a symbol of
tyranny of the French
Government—represented the start
of the French Revolution (France’s
Independence Day)
First Estate – Clergy 1%
Second Estate – Nobles 2-4%
Third Estate – Bourgeoisie, peasants
and urban workers 95-97%
 Lavish spending to build the
court
 The Seven Year’s War
 The American Revolution
 Enormous amounts of interest
being paid on borrowed money
 Continued struggles for French
people (especially Third Estate)
 The Third Estate demanded
financial reforms
 First and Second Estates
demanded the calling of the
7.
Know why Louis XVI was forced to
dismiss Jacques Necker.
8.
Be able to describe the circumstances that
led to the writing of the Tennis Court
Oath.
9.
Know which group of delegates broke
away from the Estates-General and what
they declared themselves to be.
10. Know which group within the Third
Estate was the poorest.
Section 2
11. Know who Olympe de Gouges was and
what ultimately happened to her.
12. Know who Marie Antoinette was and
several reasons why the French people
hated her so badly.
Estates General
 It worsened the economic crisis
Necker had great economic ideas to
help France but was still dismissed
because he recommended that the
First and Second Estates be taxed—
clergy and nobles forced Louis XVI
to dismiss him
Deadlock over the issue of voting in
the Estates General—the 3rd Estate
wanted votes “by head” not by class,
when they wouldn’t give in they
were locked out and formed the
National Assembly and wrote the
Tennis Court Oath
When they were denied the ability to
vote “by head”, the 3rd Estate
declared themselves the National
Assembly, were locked out and
forced to meet elsewhere…the
tennis court, where they took the
oath
Rural Peasants
A journalist that wrote the
Declaration of the Rights of Woman
and the Female Citizen. She would
later be executed for demanding
equal rights for French women (and
doing so publicly)
Austrian born Queen of France
(sister of Joseph II). Married to
Louis XVI. Spent millions on an
extravagant lifestyle while others in
13. Know who the sans-culottes were.
14. Know who the Emigres were.
15. Know who the Jacobins were.
16. Know what was used as a model when
the Declaration of the Rights of Man was
written.
17. Know who resisted the ideas of the
Declaration of the Rights of Man.
18. Be able to describe how the National
Assembly hoped to pay off the national
debt.
19. Know how European monarchs and
nobles felt about the French Revolution.
20. Know what the women who marched on
Versailles demanded from the king.
21. Know what the Declaration of Pilnitz was
and what other members of European
France were starving. Would later
be beheaded
Working class men and women who
demanded radical actions to right
the wrongs in France
People, mostly nobles and clergy,
who had fled France to escape the
revolutionary forces (safety fears
and fear of losing status/money)
Members of a revolutionary political
club that led the radicals in the
Legislative Assembly—Maximilien
Robespierre was a prominent
member
The Declaration of Independence




King Louis XVI
Women
many nobles
to sell lands owned by the
Church
 increase taxes on those who
were previously untaxed
They opposed it, fearing that the
revolutionary ideas would spread to
other parts of Europe and to their
possible demise as a monarch or
noble
Women marched on Versailles
demanding to speak with the King
about more rights and food—they
also required the King and Queen to
return to Paris
A document from the emperor of
royalty were prepared to do.
Austria (Marie Antoinette’s
brother), threatening to intervene on
behalf of the French monarchy
Section 3
22. Know who Robespierre was.
23. Know what the guillotine was and during
what period it was used.
24. Know why the revolutionaries wanted to
abolish the monarchy
25. Know what the Convention created to deal
with the threats to France.
26. Know which group was the dominant
political power during the directory phase
of the Reign of Terror.
27. Know which group of people received
voting rights when the radicals took
control of the Legislative Assembly in
1792.
28. Be able to describe what Robespierre
believed needed to take place if France
was to achieve a “republic of virtue”.
29. Know under whose authority trials and
executions were carried out during the
Reign of Terror.
The main leader of the National
Assembly and a member of the
Jacobins
A tool used to behead people that
was used during the Reign of Terror
They wanted abolish the monarchy
so that they could set up a French
Republic
The Committee of Public Safety—
12 member committee, led by
Robespierre, given almost absolute
power in order to “save the
revolution”
The Bourgeoisie
All male citizens
Robespierre believed that in order
for a “republic of virtue” to be
achieved in France, the use of terror
was necessary— justice (“Liberty
cannot be secured unless criminals
lose their heads”)
Executions were carried out under
the authority of the Committee of
Public Safety (led by Robespierre)
Section 4
30. Know who Napoleon was and what
accomplishments are credited to him.
 Napoleon rose to power in the
31. Know what guerrilla warfare was and how
it was used.
32. Know what “abdicate” means.
33. Be able to cite several things that helped
Napoleon rise to power.
34. Know what the Napoleonic Code was and
what it was designed to reform.
35. Know which country Napoleon was
unable to conquer.
French military; he parlayed
his military successes into
political power
 The Napoleonic Code; a
national constitution; property
rights for more citizens; access
to education
A war tactic involving the use of the
element of surprise in hit and run
raids
When a leader chooses to step down
from power, usually involving the
leader fleeing for reasons of
personal safety
He quickly rose to high rank in the
French Army, winning spectacular
battles against Austria and
capturing most of Italy. He later
went on to overthrew the Directory
and set up the consulate
Designed to reform France’s legal
system, the Napoleonic Code
included the Enlightenment
principles of equality for all citizens
before the law, religious toleration
and the abolition of feudalism
Napoleon was unable to conquer:
 Great Britain—although he
had a greater army, he had a
weaker navy that was defeated
by the British at the Battle of
Trafalgar
 Russia—once allies, Russia
used “scorched-earthy policy”
36. Know what the Continental System was
and for what reason it was developed.
37. Know what “scorched-earth policy” was
and how it affected the war between
France and Russia.
38. Know what the Congress of Vienna was
and what goals they attempted to achieve.
39. Know what governing board Napoleon set
up after he overthrew the directory.
40. Be able to cite several accomplishments
made under the Napoleonic Code.
41. Know what was event the beginning of
Napoleon’s downfall.
42. Know where Napoleon’s final defeat took
place.
and then counter attack to
defeat France
The Continental System was closing
European ports to British goods (a
blockade of sorts) and it was
developed as a means to destroy
Great Britain’s economic success
Scorched earth policies involve the
destruction of crops and
villages(and anything of use by
enemy troops) as Russian troops
retreat from an area
The Congress of Vienna wanted to
restore “legitimacy” to the
European monarchs by restoring
the hereditary monarchs to power
and to create a “balance of power”
so that no European country could
be strong enough to overthrow
another European country
Napoleon set up the Consulate
included the Enlightenment
principles of equality for all citizens
before the law, religious toleration
and the abolition of feudalism
The beginning of Napoleon’s
downfall was his failed attempt to
invade Russia (leaving his army
crippled—from 600,000 to 100,000
troops—and vulnerable to attack by
his enemies
The final defeat took place in
Belgium during the Battle of
Waterloo
43. Describe what nationalism is and how it
was helpful to Napoleon and how it
worked against him.
Pride in you country
Helped-French people had pride in
Napoleon and supported his wars
for expansion
Hurt-other nationalities in Europe
revolted against Napoleon’s French
Empire controlling them.