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RevisionExercise5/answers/ymt/aoghss 1. Fill in blanks (i) Of the seven main food substances taken in by humans, carbohydrates _____________ , ______________ , _______________ can produce energy. _______________ are necessary for growth and repair of body tissues fats, proteins (ii) Dissacharides and polysaccharides can be broken down by enzymes with the presence of water. This process is called ______________ . hydrolysis (iii) _____________ and ____________ are examples of polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen (iv) _____________ is a very important part of our daily diet as they Dietary fibre/roughage stimulate _______________ . peristalsis (v) Proteins are built from small units known as ______________ . amino acids (vi) Excess proteins cannot be stored. The surplus amino acids resulting from the breakdown of the excess proteins are ____________ in the deaminated ____________ . The eliminated amino group is converted into liver _______________ . urea (vii) Fats are made up of smaller units called ___________ and ______________ . glycerol fatty acids (viii) The unit for energy value of food is called ____________ . The apparatus used to measure the energy value of food is called kilojoules ________________ . 2. Proteins calorimeter True or false Study each of the following statements. Correct by rewriting it if it is false. (i) We can take vitamins when we are hungry. F Vitamins can be obtained from food. Extra vitamin requirement must be taken as prescribed by a medical doctor. (ii) Proteins are only for growth and repair F Proteins are also involved in enzyme formation. (iii) We cannot make vitamins. All of F Some vitamins can be manufactured by the them must be obtained from food. body under certain conditions. e.g. vitamin D can be manufactured by the skin when exposed to UV light. (iv) We become fat only when we take in excess fat. F Our body can convert proteins and carbohydrates into fats when they are in excess. (v) Water can be obtained from the water we drink only. F Water can also be obtained from food. (vi) All vitamins are destroyed by heat. F Some vitamins are not destroyed by heat. RevisionExercise5/answers/ymt/aoghss (vii) Basal metabolic rate is the rate at which the minimum amount of energy is needed by an individual to keep the heart beating. (viii) The digestion of vitamins requires enzymes 3. 4. 5. F BMR is the rate at which the minimum amount of energy is needed by an individual to keep the person alive. F Vitamins cannot be digested by the body because we do not have enzymes to do this. Complete the following table: Food Food test Is heating required Result reducing sugars Benedict’s test yes brick-red precipitate starch iodine test no blue black colour proteins biuret test no purple colour fats spot test no a translucent spot appears vitamin C using DCPIP no DCPIP is decolourized State the deficiency disease of each of the following: Vitamin / mineral Deficiency disease vitamin A night blindness vitamin C scurvy vitamin D rickets iron anaemia calcium rickets Answers only (i) W: fat X: carbohydrates Y: water Z: protein (ii) Beans also contain mineral and vitamins which are not shown in the table (iii) (1) butter (2) cabbage (iv) 6. Beans are most suitable for vegetarians. Beans contains the highest percentage of carbohydrate which can supply energy. Beans also have relatively high percentage of proteins for growth. Answers only RevisionExercise5/answers/ymt/aoghss (i) The food contains too much carbohydrates/fats. It does not contain vitamin C/dietary fibres (ii) We can eat less chips/less sugar for coffee. We can eat fresh fruits/vegetables. (iii) The diseases are: constipation: caused by a lack of dietary fibres scurvy: lack of vitamin C