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Rural Gentrification?:
Social, Cultural, and Economic
Change in “Rural” North America
Changes in Rural North America
Since the 1960s
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Industrialization of Agriculture
Rural Depopulation
Aging Demographics
Resource Depletion
Environmental Conflicts
Retirement Economies
How Rural Land Markets Work
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“Highest and best use”
Modest competition and relative stability
Minimal role of “speculator-developers”
Changing role of state actors
Role of finance capital
Real estate agents/brokers
Minimal role for builders
Appraiser, title companies, others
Rural “Rent-Gaps”
• Rural vs. urban investment and
consequences for rural areas
• The emergence of “rent-gaps”
• Narrowing of gaps in urban areas matched
by widening in some rural areas?
• Changes in the nature of demand
(economic restructuring, social
movements, new demographics)
Example and Interlinkages:
Selective “Rural Gentrification”
• Expansion of markets for retirement
property, hobby farms, etc.
• Pre-existing geography of environmental
amenities
• Proximity to population centers
• Preservation rather than development
• Non-traditional class and cross-class
conflicts and alliances
Rural Gentrification and
Rural Cultural Change
• Types of areas impacted (accessibility vs.
inaccessibility)
• New labor economies
• Place-based environmental politics
• Geographies of exclusion and insularity
• Commodification of nature
• Commodification of lifestyle
• Change in rural landscape & culture
Types of Areas Impacted
New Labor Economies
Place-Based Environmental Politics
Geographies of Exclusion and
Insularity
Commodification of Nature
Commodification of
Lifestyle
Change in Rural Landscape
and Culture
Conclusions
• Rural gentrification is selective and highly classbased
• Unusual cross-class alliances have been crucial
in facilitating the process
• Old economies have been fetishized and
commodified
• New economies rely on cultures of
environmental preservation and exclusions
based on market processes + (in)accessibility
Could it Happen Here?
• Does northern Minnesota feature the
conditions necessary for rural
gentrification to happen?
• Would it be a good thing if it did happen?
• Is it already happening???
DISCUSS!!!