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Common Name Scientific Name Leaf Boxelder Acer negundo 6" long, ovate or elliptical, long-‐ Light gray-‐brown with many pointed at tip, coarsely saw-‐ narrow ridges and fissures, toothed, light green becoming deeply furrowed 1-‐1.5" long, paired slightly 2/16" long with small forking keys, and long yellow-‐green calyx of 5 curved wing, pale yellow lobes or sepals Height 30-‐60' Diameter 2.5' Red Maple Acer rubrum 2.5 -‐ 4" broadly ovate, with 3 shallow short-‐pointed lobes, dull green above, whitish and hairy beneath .75 -‐1" long including long 1/8" long; reddish; in late wing; paired forking keys; winter or early spring red turning reddish-‐brown, before leaves 1-‐seeded Height 60-‐90' Diameter 2.5' Acer saccharinum Broadly ovate, deeply 5-‐lobed 1 1/2"-‐2 1/2" long, 1/4" long reddish buds with long-‐pointed middle lobe, Gray, becoming furrowed into including long broad wing; turning greenish yellow in doubly saw-‐toothed, dull green long scaly shaggy ridges paired widely forking keys, late winter or very early above, silvery-‐white beneath light brown spring before leaves. Height 50-‐80' Diameter 3' Wet soils of stream banks, flood plains and swamps Aesculus glabra Palmately compound, slender Ashy-‐gray; scaly, becoming leafstalks 2-‐6" long, 5-‐7 leaflets, rough and furrowed into thick elliptical, unevenly saw-‐ scaly plates with unpleasant toothed odor 1-‐2" in diameter, spiny capsule, splitting on 2-‐3 lines; 1-‐3 dark brown poisonous seeds .75-‐ 1" long, bell-‐shaped, with 4 nearly equal pale yellow or greenish-‐yellow petals and 7 longer stamens, unpleasant odor Seeds eaten by many birds, Furniture, cabinetry, paneling important food for squirrels when flooring, woodturning veneer, stored food is depleted in late musical instruments. Old winter/early spring. Develops heartwood develops a swirled cavities providing shelter and pattern sold as "bird's eye maple." breeding habitat. Height 30-‐70', Diameter 1-‐2' Limited commercial importance. Despite poisonous properties to Used for making artificial limbs humans and livestock, squirrels are because it is light, easily worked, known to eat the raw seeds. and resists splitting Aesculus pavia 3-‐6" long leafstalks, 5 leaflets, 2.5-‐6" long, 1-‐2.5 wide Brown-‐gray to light gray; elliptical, irregularly saw-‐ smooth toothed. 1.5-‐2" in diameter, smooth light brown capsule slitting on 2-‐3 lines; 1-‐3 large shiny brown poisonous seeds 4 unequal bright red petals, Flowers attract ruby-‐throated 6-‐8 stamens about as long Height 25' Diameter Ornamental for the showy red hummingbirds; nuts consumed by as petals; many in narrow 8" flowers, suggesting firecrackers. squirrels upright branched clusters Amelanchier canadensis 1.5-‐4" long, 2 1/2"long. Ovate, finely saw-‐toothed, soft hairs Light gray; smooth becoming beneath when young,; 11-‐17 furrowed into narrow ridges straight veins on each side. 1/4-‐3/8" like a small apple; 1.25" wide with 5 narrow purple; edible with several white petals seeds Aralia spinosa Clustered at twig ends, bipinnately compound; 15-‐30" long and nearly as wide, prickly Gray or brown; smooth or branched axis. Dark green fissured into narrow ridges above, paler and often with prickles on midvein beneath Flowers are pollen and nectar The aromatic spicy roots and fruit 1/4" in diameter, berrylike, less than 1/8" long and wide source to honeybees and other Height 30' Diameter Ornamental, showy, conspicuous in Moist soils mostly near streams in were used by early settlers in home black skin; thin purplish with 5 tiny white petals, late insects. Berries are edible to Aralia spinosa tree 8" fall, fast growing understory of hardwood forests. remedies, including a cure for juicy pulp summer wildlife, frugivores and omnivores toothache. including black bear Aralia spinosa small tree Aralia spinosa fruit Aralia spinosa leaf Asimina triloba 7-‐10" long, 3-‐5" wide, reverse ovate, broadest beyond Dark brown, warty, thin middle, short-‐pointed at tip, green above, paler beneath 3-‐5" long 1-‐1.5" diameter; 1 1/3" wide 3 triangular berrylike; brownish; slightly green to brown or purple curved suggesting a small outer petals banana Asimina triloba bark Asimina triloba fruit Asimina triloba leaf Betula nigra 1.5"-‐2.25" long, ovate or nearly Shiny pinkish-‐brown or silvery-‐ Cones 1-‐1.5' long, 4-‐sided, 7-‐9 veins on each side. gray separating into papery cylindrical, brownish, Shiny dark green above, whitish scales upright, short-‐stalked and usually hairy beneath tiny; male yellowish with 2 Height 40-‐80' stamens female greenish, in Diameter 1-‐2' short upright catkins Betula nigra bark medium tree Betula nigra inflorescence Betula nigra leaf 2-‐4.5" long, 1-‐2.5" wide, elliptical, doubly saw-‐toothed, Blue-‐gray, thin, smooth dull dark blue-‐green above, paler with hairs on veins Seeds, buds, or catkins eaten by tiny; in early spring before birds, fox, and gray squirrels. Height 30' diameter leaves, greenish and reddish Cottontails, beaver, and white-‐ 1' green tailed deer eat leaves, twigs, and larger stems Carpinus caroliniana bark medium tree Carpinus caroliniana fruit immature Carpinus caroliniana leaf Silver Maple Ohio Buckeye Red Buckeye Shadblow Serviceberry Devil's walkingstick Common Pawpaw River Birch American Hornbeam Bitternut Hickory Pignut Hickory Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Pecan Carya illinoinensis Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Mockernut Hickory Northern Catalpa Sugarberry Eastern Redbud White Fringetree Bark Gray, thin, smooth, becoming fissured into long thin scaly ridges Fruit 1/4" long; paired, egg-‐ shaped, hairy greenish nutlets with leaflike 3-‐ pointed, greenish scale .75-‐1.75" long, nearly 7-‐9 leaflets, stalkless; lance-‐ Gray or light brown; shallowly round, short-‐pointed; husk shaped, finely saw-‐toothed, furrowed into narrow forking thin and splitting along 4 yellow-‐green above, light green scaly ridges wings with thin-‐shelled and slightly hairy beneath bitter seed 6-‐10" long with slender hairless 1-‐2" long, slightly pear-‐ axis, usually 5 leaflets, lance-‐ Light gray; smooth or becoming shaped, husk thin, shaped, light green, finely saw-‐ furrowed with forking ridges becoming dark brown , toothed hickory nut thick-‐shelled 1.25-‐2" long; oblong with 12-‐20" long; 11-‐17 slightly thin husk becoming dark sickle-‐shaped leaflets, 2-‐7" Light brown or gray; deeply and brown splitting along 4 long, pointed at tip; finely saw-‐ irregularly furrowed into ridges; 3-‐10 in cluster. toothed; yellow-‐green above, narrow forked scaly ridges Pecan nut light brown with paler beneath darker markings; thin-‐ shelled with edible seed elliptical or ovate leaflets 3-‐7", Nearly round with husk, edges finely saw-‐toothed and Light gray; rough shaggy thick becoming dark brown hairy; yellow-‐green above, and splitting to base paler beneath Wildlife Use Uses Low commercial value; used for Habitat for many wildlife species. pulp and rough lumber-‐boxes, Seeds are food source. Deer browse crates, low-‐quality furniture, in fall. interior finishing Seeds provide food for squirrels and some birds. A larval host and/or Handsome shade tree displaying nectar source. red in different seasons. Fruit is eaten by birds, small Height 40' Diameter mammals; flowers attract 1' butterflies and bees. Moth caterpillars eat the foliage Twigs, buds and foliage browsed by white-‐tailed deer, seeds eaten by Useful for erosion control, fuels, grouse, turkeys, small birds and occasionally inexpensive furniture rodents. Diospyros virginiana Common Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus tiny, greenish in early spring Height 60-‐80', before leaves diameter 1-‐2' attracts squirrels and other mammals; suited for human consumption Common Witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana Possumhaw Ilex decidua 4-‐8" long and 1/4" wide, spear-‐ Pale gray with bands of white shaped 2 1/2 -‐ 6" long, 1.5-‐3" wide. Ovate to elliptical, without teeth; shiny dark green above, whitish-‐green and hairless to densely hairy beneath 2 rows, elliptical or ovate, long-‐ pointed at tip, coarsely saw-‐ toothed edges, dull dark blue-‐ green Aesculus pavia inflorescence Aesculus pavia leaf Dark, bluish black in late summer Light gray; smooth, thin Usually 7 leaflets, 2.5 -‐ 5" long Dark gray, thick with deep 1.25-‐2.5 wide, paired, ovate, diamond-‐shaped furrows and almost without teeth, dark forking ridges green above, whitish beneath 4-‐8" long with 3-‐6 pairs of side Gray-‐brown or black fissured in axis or forks; many oblong leaflets 3/8-‐1.25" long; paired long narrow scaly ridges, stout and stalkless with finely wavy brown spines, usually branched edges Bipinnately compound, 12-‐30" long, axis with 3-‐8 pairs of side Gray, thick, deeply furrowed forks. Upper axis with 6-‐14 into narrow scaly ridges often mostly paired leaflets 1-‐3" long, projecting toward one side .75-‐2" wide, ovate; dull green 3-‐5" long, 2-‐3" wide; broadly elliptical;broadest and wavy-‐ loved beyond middle Light brown; smooth or scaly 3/8-‐1.25" spoon shaped, clustered on short spur twigs; Light brown to gray; thin; finely wavy-‐toothed. Dull green smooth or warty above, paler and hairy on veins The fruit is the largest edible fruit Moist soils, especially flood plains; native to American and is high in understory of hardwood floors amino acids. Wet soil of stream banks, lakes swamps and flood plains Iroquois used the nut meat oil Moist soil of valley and in north also mixed with bear grease as a on dry upland preventative for mosquitoes Carya cordiformis bark Carya cordiformis fruit open Carya cordiformis leaf Hickory has a relatively high heating Named in colonial times because of Dry and moist uplands in hardwood value and is used extensively as a the consumption of the small nuts Carya glabra whole tree forests home heating fuel by hogs. Carya glabra bark large tree Carya glabra fruit section or open Carya glabra leaf Used for furniture, cabinetry, paneling, pallets, and veneer. The Moist well-‐drained loamy soils of wood has good machining river flood plains and valleys properties, resembling those of true hickories The word pecan is of Algonquian Indian origin. The Latin species name is from an old term, "Illinois Carya illinoinensis tree nuts" and refer to the region where traders found wild trees and nuts. Carya illinoinensis bark large tree Carya illinoinensis -‐ fruit Carya illinoinensis -‐ leaf upper surface Carya ovata leaf Tiny; greenish; in early spring before leaves Carya tomentosa bark Carya tomentosa fruit Carya tomentosa leaf Catalpa speciosa bark Catalpa speciosa inflorescence Catalpa speciosa leaf upper surface Celtis laevigata bark Celtis laevigata inflorescence male Celtis laevigata leaf Cercis canadensis bark Cercis canadensis flower Cercis canadensis leaf Chionanthus virginicus bark Chionanthus virginicus inflorescence Chionanthus virginicus -‐ leaf Cladrastis kentukea bark medium tree Cladrastis kentukea inflorescence Cladrastis kentukea leaf Cornus drummondii bark Cornus drummondii inflorescence Cornus drummondii leaf Cotinus obovatus-‐ bark Cotinus obovatus-‐ frontal view of flower Cotinus obovatus -‐ leaf Diospyros virginiana bark large tree Diospyros virginiana fruit Diospyros virginiana -‐ leaf Height 50-‐80' diameter 2' 1" long with delicate corolla of 4 very narrow whitish lobes, purplish dots inside Height 12-‐35' at base; fragrant; many-‐ Diameter 6" hanging loosely on slender stalks Catalpas are important hosts for catalpa sphinx moths, which in certain years can nearly defoliate the trees Height 30' Diameter Provides cover 1' Bell-‐shaped, 4-‐lobed white Height 20-‐70' corolla; fragrant; scattered Diameter 1-‐2' .50-‐.75", short-‐stalked light Small, yellowish with many Edible beechnuts consumed by Height 60' Diameter brown prickly burs slit into stamens crowded in ball .75-‐ wildlife especially squirrels, 1-‐2.5' distinctive triangular nuts 1" raccoons, bears and game birds Fagus grandifolia leaf Fraxinus americana-‐ fruit Fraxinus americana-‐ leaf 6-‐16" long 1.25" wide; flat 3/8" wide; bell-‐shaped with Spines have been used as pins; pod, slightly curved and Height 80' Diameter Livestock and wildlife consume the 5 petals; greenish-‐yellow, popular for shade, hedges, and twisted with sweetish 2.5' honeylike, sweet pulp of pods late spring attracting wildlife edible pulp Native Americans used the wood to make bows, and a variety of Gleditsia triacanthus whole tree medicines were made from various parts of the plant Gleditsia triacanthus-‐bark of a medium tree Gleditsia triacanthus-‐flower Gleditsia triacanthus-‐leaf This species is the state tree of Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus bark large tree Gymnocladus dioicus fruit Gymnocladus dioicus-‐ leaf The berry-‐laden branches are often Ilex decidua whole tree used as Christmas decorations. Ilex decidua bark Ilex decidua fruit Ilex decidua leaf This species is easily identified because it is the only native U. S. holly with spiny green leaves and bright red berries. Ilex opaca bark medium tree Ilex opaca fruit Ilex opaca leaf Ilex vomitoria bark large tree Ilex vomitoria fruit as borne on the Ilex vomitoria leaf plant Ilex x attenuata bark ilex x attenuata fruit ilex x attenuata leaf Juglans nigra bark Juglans nigra fruit Juglans nigra leaf Juniperus virginiana bark large tree Juniperus virginiana cone female Juniperus virginiana leaf Liquidambar styraciflua fruit Liquidambar styraciflua leaf Liriodendron tulipifera bark Liriodendron tulipifera fruit Liriodendron tulipifera leaf 4-‐7" long and 1.5-‐2" wide, 5/8-‐3/4" long greenish-‐ Nesting birds; due to toxic plant dark red-‐brown pod; Height 70' Diameter white with narrow tube and parts, little wildlife usage as food beanlike, rounded, shiny 2' 4-‐5 spreading petals source dark brown, thick-‐walled 1/2" long, hard elliptical capsul ending in 4 sharp curved points 1" wide; 4 bright yellow petals, threadlike and twisted; few, short-‐talked along leafless twigs in autumn or winter 1/4" berrylike; red; bitter 1/4" wide with 4 rounded pulp, maturing in autumn, white petals on slender remaining attached in stalks at end of spur twigs winter Height 20-‐30' Diameter 4-‐8" Food for many rodents and a variety of birds. Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana Evergreen, opposite in 4 rows, Reddish-‐brown thin, fibrous scalelike, not toothed; dark and shreddy green Cones; 1/4-‐3/8" in diameter, berry-‐like; dark blue, juicy Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 1/4" wide with 4 rounded Height 40-‐7' white petals in short cluster Diameter 1-‐2' at base of leaves spur twigs Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia macrophylla subsp. ashei 8-‐24" long, 4-‐11: wide, blunt or short pointed at tip, broadest beyond middle, notched 2-‐ Gray-‐brown, smooth or slightly 1.75-‐2.75" long, conelike, lobed base, shiny light green rough narrowly cylindrical above, whitish or silvery and often hairy beneath Magnolia virginiana 3-‐6" long, 1.25-‐2.5 wide, oblong, without teeth, short-‐ stalked becoming shiny green Gray, smooth, thin, aromatic above, whitish and finely hairy beneath Morus alba 2 rows; 2.5-‐7" long, 2-‐5" wide Light brown, smoothish broadly ovate; coarsely becoming furrowed into scaly toothed; often divided into 3 or ridges 5 lobes 3-‐4" long; conelike; oblong; pink to brown composed of 6-‐8" wide; cup shaped; 3 Height 60-‐80' many separate short-‐ white sepals and 6 or more Diameter 2-‐3' pointed 2-‐seeded fruits petals; very fragrant opening in early autumn 12" wide; cup-‐shaped of 6 Height 13-‐30' curved creamy white petals; Diameter 4" fragrant Pinus taeda Needles: evergreen 5-‐9" long. 3 Blackish-‐gray; thick, deeply in bundle; stout, stiff, often furrowed into scaly ridges twisted; green exposing brown inner layers Platanus occidentalis 4-‐9" long and wide, broadly ovate with 3 or 5 shallow broad Smooth, whitish and mottles, short-‐pointed lobes, bright peeling off in thin flakes green above, paler beneath 3/8-‐1/2" long, berrylike, elliptical, blue-‐black with thin bitter or sour pulp Greenish; at end of long Height 50-‐100' stalks at base of new leaves Diameter 2-‐3' 1/4" long slightly 5-‐lobed; 3/8" long; narrowly egg-‐ short-‐stalked on 1 side of shaped capsul; upright on slender axes, with urn-‐ curved stalks shaped white corolla Cones: 3-‐5" long; conical; Pollen-‐bearing staminate dull brown; almost flowers are catkin-‐like in stalkless; opening at appearance; pistillate maturity; cone-‐scales flowers generally ovoid, raised, keeled with short light green through shades stout spine of pink to red Ilex opaca whole tree Scarcest and most coveted native hardwood. Furniture, gunstocks, veneer. Edible nuts; blackish dye made from husks Individual trees fetch attractive Moist well-‐drained soils, especially prices and a few prized trees have Juglans nigra whole tree along streams even been stolen Fenceposts, cedar chest, "Berries" consumed by many kinds The heartwood was once almost cabinetwork and carvings; cedar oil Dry uplands, especially limestone to Juniperus virginiana whole tree of wildlife including the cedar exclusively the source of wood for for medicine and perfumes from flood plains and swamps winter waxwing named for this tree pencils wood and leaves Many birds eat the seeds of the tree; beavers use the wood for constructing dams Lumber, veneer, plywood, railroad ties, fuel. Furniture, interior trim, Moist soils of valleys and lower and wooden ware, pulpwood for slopes fine papers Fruits provide food for squirrels and Furniture stock, veneer and white-‐tailed deer browse on twigs pulpwood Many Native American tribes used the tree for various purposes, Liquidambar styraciflua whole tree Liquidambar styraciflua bark large tree including chewing gum, tea, to treat distemper, diarrhea and dysentery. Moist well-‐drained soils, especially It is the state tree of Tennessee valleys and slopes Liriodendron tulipiferae tree The hard, heavy wood is used to Moist soils of valleys and low Seeds are eaten by squirrels, make furniture, pallets and veneer; uplands with various other opossum, quail, and the wild turkey Dried leaves used by florists in hardwoods decorations It is the state tree of Mississippi and Magnolia grandiflora whole tree Louisiana Magnolia grandiflora bark large tree Magnolia grandiflora inflorescence Magnolia grandiflora leaf Seeds eaten by birds and mammal; Border, cut flowers, foliage shelter, blossoms provide pollen interest, privacy, specimen and nectar source It was named for its discoverer, Williams Willard Ashe, pioneer forester of the US Forest Service Magnolia ashei -‐ whole tree magnolia ashei bark magnolia ashei flower magnolia ashei leaf It was called "beavertree" by colonists who caught beavers in traps baited with the fleshy roots. Magnolia virginiana tree Upland bluffs in hardwood forests Magnolia virginiana bark large tree Magnolia virginiana inflorescence Magnolia virginiana leaf It was introduced along the Atlantic seaboard during colonial times when an attempt was made to Morus alba whole tree establish the silkworm industry in this country. Morus alba bark large tree Morus alba fruit Morus alba leaf In the past, the fruits were valued for fattening hogs and as poultry food. Morus rubra whole tree Morus rubra twig Morus rubra fruit Morus rubra leaf Nyssa aquatica tree Nyssa aquatica bark large tree Nyssa aquatica fruit Nyssa aquatica leaf Nyssa sylvatica bark medium tree Nyssa sylvatica fruit Nyssa sylvatica leaf Oxydendrum arboreum-‐ fruit Oxydendrum arboreum leaf Swamps and flood plains of The spongy wood of the roots has streams, close to the water, where served locally as a substitute for submerged a few months cork in floats of fish nets. Black bears, foxes, wood ducks, wild Erosion control; light, non-‐splitting turkeys, birds frequently eat the woodwork such as in docks and The flowers are a source of nectar fruit; white-‐tailed deer and beavers wharves; veneer, containers, Moist soils of valleys and uplands in for bees kept by commercial honey Nyssa sylvatica whole tree browse the twigs, foliage and young crossties; excellent ornamental for hardwood and pine forests producers sprouts. Cavity and nesting sites; straight bole, shapely crown and good honey tree attractive autumn foliage Height 80-‐100' Diameter 2-‐3' Habitat for a variety of wildlife Taeda comes from a Latin word for Among the fastest-‐growing Deep, poorly drained flood plains to pine tree. Loblolly means mudhole southern pines, it is extensively well-‐drained slopes of rolling, hilly in reference to the swampy areas Pinus taeda whole tree cultivated in forest plantations for uplands. Forms pure stands, often where this tree often grows in the pulpwood and lumber on abandoned farmland wild. Pinus taeda bark large tree Pinus taeda cone female mature Pinus taeda leaf 1" in diameter brown ball tiny, greenish ball-‐like composed of many narrow drooping clusters nutlets with hair tufts Height 60-‐100' Diameter 2-‐4' Birds, muskrat, beaver, and squirrels eat the seeds; beaver eat the bark; older trees may become hollow and become homes. Pulp, rough lumber, difficult to split and work because of interlocking Wet soils of stream banks, flood fibers. Butcher's blocks, furniture, plains, edges of lakes and swamps boxes, floors The upper trunk and branches take on a flaking, bleached appearance Platanus occidentalis tree-‐ winter that earns the sycamore its nickname of "ghost tree." Platanus occidentalis bark Platanus occidentalis fruit Platanus occidentali-‐ leaf Seedlings and young trees are Containers, interior parts of browsed by rabbits, deer, and Height 100' Diameter furniture, corestock in plywood, Bordering streams and in wet soils domestic stock. Beavers use 3-‐4' erosion control, quick shade due to in valleys saplings and poles for food and dam its rapid growth construction. The common name refers to the abundant cottony seeds. Another name, "Necklace Poplar" alludes to Populus deltoides whole tree the resemblance of the long, narrow line of seed capsules to a string of beads Populus deltoides bark large tree Populus deltoides fruit Populus deltoides leaf Prunus serotina bark Prunus serotina fruit Prunus serotina leaf Quercus alba -‐ bark Quercus alba fruit Quercus alba leaf Quercus falcata bark Quercus falcata-‐ fruit Quercus falcata -‐ leaf Quercus macrocarpa bark large tree Quercus macrocarpa fruit Quercus macrocarpa leaf 3-‐7" long, 3-‐5" Wide. Yellowish-‐green and smooth; Triangular; long-‐pointe; curved becoming light gray, thick, coarse teeth; shiny green rough and deeply furrowed Black Cherry Prunus serotina Elliptical;1-‐2 dark red glands; Dark gray; smooth with finely saw-‐toothed with curved horizontal lines; bitter and or blunt teeth aromatic a cherry 3/8 " dark red turning blackish, bitter, juicy, edible pulp Quercus alba Elliptical 5-‐9 lobed, 4-‐9" long, 2-‐ Light gray, shallowly fissure into 4" wide, hairless, bright green Acorns: 3/8 -‐ 1 1/4" long, long broad scaly plates, often above, whitish or gray-‐green egg-‐shaped, shallow cup loose beneath Southern Red Oak Quercus falcata 4-‐8" long, 2-‐6" wide, elliptical; deeply divided, sometimes slightly triangular with bell-‐ Dark gray; becoming furrowed shaped base and 3 broad lobes; into broad ridges and plates shiny green above, rust-‐colored or soft gray hairs beneath Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa 4-‐10" long, 2-‐5" wide. Obovate, Acorns: large 3/4-‐2" long shallow rounded lobes to broad Light gray; thick, rough, deeply and wide; broadly elliptical, rounded tip. Dark green and furrowed into scaly ridges 1/2-‐3/4 enclosed by large slightly shiny above deep cup Acorns: 1/2" -‐ 5/8" long, elliptical or rounded, becoming brown; 1/3 or more enclosed by cup tapering to broad stalklike base Moist soils in valleys and uplands with oaks and pines. Both the genus name, meaning "sour tree" and the common name Oxydendrum arboreum whole tree Oxydendrum arboreum-‐ bark refer to the acid taste of the foliage. Ornamental; showy, fragrant flower Populus deltoides Quercus pagoda Hamamelis virginiana was well known as a medicinal plant by Native Americans. Cherokee, Chippewa, Iroquois, Menominee, Mohegan, and Potowatomi tribes used it as a cold remedy, dermatological aid, febrifuge, gynecological aid, eye medicine, kidney aid, and in other ways Height 50' Diameter Flowers attract bees; 1' Eastern Cottonwood Quercus nigra Gymnocladus dioicus whole tree Native Americans in the Southeastern U. S. used this plant Moist soils, especially along coasts Ornamental; excellent hedge plant Ilex vomitoria whole tree extensively. To build arrows and and in valleys roasted leaves and shoots to make a dark, tea like drink. Native Americans preserved holly Well-‐drained soil in full sun to part berries as decorative buttons and Ornamental; excellent hedge plant Ilex x attenuata 'Savannah' shade were much sought by other tribes who bartered for them. Deer browse leaves and twigs. 1.5-‐2" long; conelike; Ornamental for its fragrant flowers, Seeds favorite food of gray elliptical; dark red; 2-‐2.5 wide; cup-‐shaped with Height 20-‐60', showy conelike fruit, handsome Wet soils of coastal swamps and squirrels; eaten to lesser extent by composed of many 9-‐12 white petals; fragrant Diameter 1.5' foliage of contrasting colors and borders of streams and ponds white-‐footed mice, wild turkey, separate pointed fruits smooth bark. quail and songbirds Wood is valued for sporting goods 3/8-‐3/4" long; cylindrical due to its durability, flexibility, and Leaves are eaten as a vegetable and mulberry; purplish, pinkish elasticity. It is used mainly for tennis Tiny; greenish crowded in Height 40' Diameter are useful as a cattle fodder. Wild Hardy in cities, drought-‐resistant or white; many tiny beaded and badminton rackets, hockey short clusters 1' birds, hogs, and poultry eat the and adapted to dry, warm areas 1-‐seeded fruits, sweet and sticks, furniture, agricultural mulberry fruit. juicy implements, and house and boat building materials. Favored food of birds and small 1-‐1.25" long, cylindrical red-‐ Tiny, crowded in narrow Height 60', Diameter mammals; in the past, the fruits dark purple; many tiny Jellies, jams, pies and drinks Moist soils in hardwood forests clusters 2' were valued for fattening hogs and beadlike 1-‐seeded fruits as poultry food 3/8" long; elliptical capsules, light brown; maturing in spring and Catkins 2-‐3.5; long; splitting into 3-‐4 parts; brownish many slender stalks in catkin to 8" long; many tiny cottony seeds Water Oak Many kinds of songbirds, gamebirds, and mammals eat the bitter berries Moist soils along streams and in swamps Popular Christmas decorations; ornamental, shade and hedges; Moist or wet well-‐drained soils whitish, fine-‐textured wood is especially flood plains; in mixed suited for inlays in cabinetwork, hardwood forests handles, carvings and rulers; can be dyed various shades, even black 1" long; oblong, berrylike, Dark brown or gray; furrowed Greenish on long stalks back Height 100' Diameter Many kinds of wildlife eat the fruits Commercial timber for furniture dark purple with thin sour into scaly ridges of new leaves in early spring 3' and it is a favored honey tree and crates pulp 4-‐7" wide; elliptical; finely saw-‐ Brown or gray; thick; fissured toothe; Shiny yellow-‐green into narrow, scaly ridges Quercus muehlenbergii Height 60-‐100' diameter 1.5-‐3' 2.5-‐3" long, conelike light 1.5-‐2" long and wide, tulip-‐ Dark gray, becoming thick and Height 80-‐120' brown of many overlapping shaped with 6 rounded deeply furrowed diameter 2-‐3' nutlets green petals Evergreen 5-‐8" long, 2-‐3" wide; oblong or elliptical; thick and Dark gray; smooth, becoming firm; shiny bright green above, furrowed and scaly pale and rust-‐colored hairs beneath Chinkapin Oak Height 70-‐90', Diameter 2-‐4' Male flowers are yellowish-‐ Height 40-‐60' brown and female flowers Diameter 1-‐2' are light bluish-‐green. 1-‐1.25" diameter ball composed of many Tiny; greenish ball-‐like individual fruits, ending in 2 clusters in spring long curved prickly points Timber; strong heavy wood is used Moist soils of valleys with other in general construction, cabinet hardwoods work, sills, fence posts Landscaping. Possum Haw is Opossums, raccoons, other Height 20' Diameter conspicuous in winter, with its mammals, songbirds and gamebirds 6" many, small, red berries along eat the fruit leafless, slender, gray twigs Fruits are a valuable wildlife food 1/4-‐3/8" in diameter; berrylike, bright red Moist soils of river flood plains in mixed forests; sometimes on dry upland limestone hills Witch-‐hazel was used by the early European settlers in many ways. A tea of the leaves was employed for a variety of medicinal purposes. The twigs were used as divining rods The fruit of witch-‐hazel is eaten by (water-‐witching), thus giving the ruffed grouse, northern bobwhite, vernacular name to the plant. Moist soild in understory of ring-‐necked pheasant and white-‐ Modern uses employ both the bark hardwood forests. tailed deer. The fruit is also eaten and leaves, and a good demand still by beaver and rabbit. exists for the pleasant-‐smelling water of witch-‐hazel, derived from the leaves and bark. The products are used in skin cosmetics, shaving lotions, mouth washes, eye lotion, ointments, and soaps Thick green or brown husk; irregularly ridged, thick-‐ Small greenish in early shelled inner layer covering spring sweet, edible seed 4-‐6" long, 1 1/2-‐3" wide, narrowly elliptical to obovate; pointed at tip, narrowed to base; many straight parallel side veins, ending in curved tooth on wavy edges, shiny green above, whitish-‐green with tiny hairs beneath 1 1/2-‐5" long and 3/4-‐2" wide. Wedge-‐shaped, 3 lobed tip; Dull blue-‐green above, paler beneath. 5 to 8 inches long, 5 to 9, bristle tipped lobes, margins of lobes are nearly at right angles to midrib, bright green above, duller and may be scruffy-‐hairy beneath and on petiole Flooring, furniture, turned products Moist rich soils of uplands and well-‐ The bark looks like elephant skin on Fagus grandifolia whole tree and novelties, favored fuelwood drained lowlands older specimens. Fagus grandifolia fruit 9-‐21 leaflets, broadly lance-‐ shaped, finely saw-‐toothed, Dark brown; deeply furrowed green or dark green, soft hairs into scaly ridges beneath Oxydendrum arboreum Moist soils, especially limestone Yellowwood gets its common name cliffs, stream banks, and rich rocky Cladrastis kentukea whole tree from the yellow color of its coves in hardwood forests. heartwood when freshly cut. Cladrastis means "brittle branch." Along streams and in dry uplands, forming thickets at forest borders in Easily recognizable by the rough, Cornus drummondii whole tree prairies and understory of upper leaf surfaces and white fruit. hardwood forests The trees common name comes Average, medium-‐moisture, well-‐ from the billowy hairs which turn a drained soil in full sun or part smoky pink to purplish pink in the Cotinus obovatus-‐ whole tree shade/part sun summer with fluffy, hazy, smoke-‐ like puffs. Fraxinus americana bark large tree Juglans nigra Nyssa sylvatica The genus name Chionanthus, meaning snow and flower, describes the blossoms. Sometimes Chionanthus virginicus tree called Old-‐Mans-‐Beard also for the blossoms. Fagus grandifolia bark Ilex x attenuata 'Savannah' 2-‐5" long, 1-‐3" wide; elliptical Gray or dark brown; thick, not toothed slightly thickened, rough, deeply furrowed into shiny green above, pale and rectangular or irregular ridges often hairy beneath Native Americans utilized much of the tree to treat sore throats, make dark brown and red dye for wool as Celtis laevigata whole tree well as using pulp and berries for food. Native Americans utilized much of the tree to treat whooping cough, dysentery, fevers, congestion and Cercis canadensis tree vomiting. The flowers can be fried and eaten. It was once believed ash leaves in a hunter's pockets or boots were Fraxinus americana whole tree "proved" to be offensive to rattlesnakes and thereby protection from them. Black Walnut 5-‐8" long, 2-‐4" wide, Ovate; few large teeth; shiny dark green above, paler and hairy beneath It is sometimes planted to attract green catalpa worms, prized as fish Catalpa speciosa -‐ whole tree bait. The caterpillars can be frozen and used at a later time. Deer, cattle browse; beaver, Valued for its strength, hardness, 1-‐2" long, brownish key 1/4", long purplish, without porcupine and rabbits may eat bark heavy weight and elasticity. Useful with narrow wing not Height 80' Diameter Moist soil valleys and slopes, corolla small clusters before of young trees. Seeds are eaten by for tools and implements, tool extending down cylindrical 2' especially deep well-‐drained loams leaves in early spring birds and small mammals. Valuable handles, wooden baseball bats. body for cavity nesters Furniture, doors, veneer. Savannah Holly Leaves are broad, egg-‐shaped, Brown, fissured into scaly and lobed, up to 5" long plates Ornamental, fence posts, clear orange-‐colored dye. Upland woods and stream banks, prefers moist acid soil. Carya tomentosa whole tree The word "persimmon" is of Opossums, raccoons, skunks, deer Golf-‐club heads, shuttles for textile Moist alluvial soils of valleys and in Algonquian origin, while the genus Diospyros virginiana whole tree and birds feed on the fruit weaving and furniture veneer dry uplands name Diospyros from the Greek, means "fruit of the god Zeus." 1/2" in diameter; berrylike, Height 12 -‐ 25' greenish white, insignificant red Diameter 8-‐10' Nyssa aquatica Ornamental Homes for numerous animals, from insects to birds and more; they 1-‐11/4" long, pea-‐shaped The clear yellow heartwood has Height 50' Diameter provide food for many other with 5 white pteals, fragrant been used as a source of yellow 1/12' animals, such as the bees that visit in drooping clusters dye. Used as fuel and gunstocks. their flowers and the many animals that chew on their leaves 1/4" wide with 4 spreading Provides nectar for butterflies and white petals, upright Height 20' Diameter Ornamental for blooms and bees, birds eat the white fruit branched flat cluster 2-‐3" 6" conspicuous color in fall. clusters; provides cover for wildlife wide; at ends of leafy twigs Oval, <.5 inch, dry or hard, Greenish-‐white pink Moist uplands and less frequently on flood plains Ornamental shade tree; Moist valley soils by streams; conservation in mined reclamation naturalized in open areas as projects and shelterbelts roadsides and clearings Berries attractive to wildlife, twigs Ornamental-‐dark green color in and foliage browsed by many summer, bright white flowers in animals, larval host for Rustic spring. sphinx 1/4" in diameter; berrylike; 3/16" wide with 4 spreading Height 10' Diameter Many species of song and game shiny red rounded white petals 6" birds utilize the berries in the fall Morus rubra Carya cordiformis tree Carya ovata fruit Evergreen; 2-‐4" long, elliptic, ovate, spiny, dull, dark green leaves have wavy margins Water Tupelo River birch sap can be fermented to Betula nigra whole tree make birch beer or vinegar. Carya ovata bark Ilex vomitoria Red Mulberry Asimina triloba whole tree The Latin species name, means "densely covered with soft hairs" describing the undersurfaces of leaflets. Evergreen 3/4 -‐ 1.25" long, 1/4-‐ 1/2 wide; elliptical; finely wavy-‐ Red-‐brown; thin, finely scaly toothed; thick; shiny green above, paler beneath Gray; deeply furrowed into narrow scaly ridges http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/ result.php?id_image=9155 The nickname "Old Hickory" was given to Andrew Jackson, our Carya ovata-‐ whole tree seventh President because he was "tough as a hickory." Ilex opaca 3-‐6" long and wide; star-‐ shaped, with 5 sometimes 7, long-‐pointed, finely saw-‐ toothed lobes, resinous odor when crushed 3-‐6" long and wide, broad tip, and base nearly straight like a square with 4-‐6 short-‐pointed paired lobes; shiny dark green above, paler beneath The common name alludes to the fact that the showy masses of white http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/ flowers tend to occur at the same species.php?id_plant=AMCA4 time that shad ascend the rivers in Preferred mast for wildlife, particularly squirrels. Other Prized for furniture, flooring, tool mammals, including deer, rabbits, handles, baseball bats, skis and beaver and mice feed on nuts and veneer. sometimes bark Evergreen; 2 rows, 2-‐4" long, 3/4-‐1.5" wide; elliptical, Light gray; thin; smooth or coarsely spiny-‐toothed; stiff rough and warty and leathery; dull green above Light gray Aesculus glabra whole tree Squirrels and birds relish the seeds Furniture, flooring, and tool Moist soils of valleys and upland and catkins handles, commercial nut production slopes in mixed hardwood forests Flat narrowly oblong pods w beanlike dark brown Pinkish to reddish purple seeds .75-‐1.5 in diameter, Brown or blackish; thick, deeply rounded or slightly flat, furrowed into small square orange to purplish-‐brown scaly plates berry; 4-‐8 large flat seeds beneath Cherrybark Oak Aesculus pavia bark Acer rubrum tree Tiny, greenish in early spring Height 70-‐100', before leaves diameter 2.5' above, paler beneath White Oak Aesculus glabra inflorescence Understory species in moist rich woods Fraxinus americana Sycamore Aesculus glabra fruit immature Pioneers used the gummy roots as a soap substitute and made home Aesculus pavia whole tree remedies from the bitter bark. Height 40' Diameter Seeds eaten by wildlife, bees visit 8" blossoms Fagus grandifolia Loblolly Pine Aesculus glabra bark large tree Moist soils, especially along river bluffs, borders of streams and in flood plains; understory of mixed forests Cercis canadensis White Ash Sourwood Acer saccharinum leaf Dark gray or brown, smooth, Heart-‐shaped with broad short becoming furrowed into scaly point, 5-‐9 main veins plates American Beech Blackgum Acer saccharinum fruit This is the state tree of Ohio, the Buckeye state. Pioneers carried a buckeye in their pockets for good luck and to ward off rheumatism. Celtis laevigata 2-‐6" long, 1.5-‐3" wide, obovate, Gray to blackish, thin, scaly rounded or blunt at tip White Mulberry Acer saccharinum bark of a large tree Rich moist soils of valleys and mountain slopes; sometimes a thicket-‐forming shrub on stream banks Sandy loam or rocky soil along streams, bottomland, and woodlands Cotinus obovatus Sweetbay Magnolia Acer rubrum -‐ leaf This species is one of a few that has the growth rate for serious Acer saccharinum whole tree consideration for biofuel production. Fruit eaten by birds, nesting habitat, Height 80' Diameter larval & nectar host for butterflies, Ornamental, lumber 1.5' deer browse leaves & fruit American Smoketree Ashe Magnolia Acer rubrum fruit Sub spherical drupe 5-‐8 mm Lance-‐shaped tapering to point Light gray, smooth or covered diameter range from Green that is often curved with corky warts orange to reddish-‐brown Roughleaf Dogwood Southern Magnolia Acer negundo leaf Acer rubrum bark medium tree Wet or moist soils of stream banks, Pioneers made ink and cinnamon-‐ valleys, swamps and upland in brown and black dyes from a bark mixed hardwood forests extract Catalpa speciosa Cornus asperifolia var. drummondii Yaupon Leaf Image Acer negundo fruit Minor due to size of trees; whitish, extremely hard and heavy; has been Moist rich soils, mainly along It has the alternate name of used for mallet heads, tool handles, streams and in ravines; understory ironwood and musclewood because Carpinus caroliniana whole tree levers. Not subject to cracking or of hardwood forests the wood is hard and close grained. splitting and was used by American pioneers for bowls and dishes. Rabbits have been observed to eat Lumber and pulpwood, furniture, the bitter seeds may be unpalatable paneling, dowel, smoking meat to most wildlife 2-‐2.25" long with bell-‐ 8-‐18" long, dark brown shaped corolla of 5 unequal capsule; cigarlike, thick-‐ rounded fringed lobes, Height 50-‐80' walled splitting into 2 parts, white with 2 orange stripes Diameter 2 1/2' brown seeds with 2 papery and purple spots and lines wings inside 1.5-‐3.5" long, 1.25-‐2" wide. Elliptical; 3-‐5 long curved veins; Gray-‐brown or reddish brown, 1/4" diameter; berrylike; green and rough, soft hairs thin finely fissured white beneath American Holly Fruit/Nut/flower Image Acer negundo bark-‐ large tree 3 at a node and opposite; ovate, long-‐pointed without Brownish-‐gray, smooth teeth. Dull green above, paler becoming furrowed into scaly with soft hairs beneath turning plates or ridges blackish in summer Chionanthus virginicus Did you know? Tree Image Boxelder produces sap high in sugar content and can be used to produce Acer negundo-‐ whole tree syrup sometimes called "mountain molasses." early spring to spawn. tiny, greenish in early spring Height 60-‐80', before leaves diameter 1-‐2' Tiny; greenish drooping catkins, 3 hanging from 1 stalk Bark Image Sometimes planted as an ornamental for the showy clusters Moist soils in hardwood forests of flowers. Fruit is consumed by wildlife: Ornamental, natural areas to Height 30" diameter opossums, squirrels, raccoons, and stabilize stream banks and add 8" birds yellow fall color Seedling and lower branches browsed heavily by white-‐tailed Height 100' Diameter deer. Pecan nuts are eaten by a 3' number of birds, fox, gray squirrels, opossums, and raccoons Habitat Wet or moist soils along stream banks and in valleys with various hardwoods; also naturalized in waste places and roadsides Carya tomentosa 7-‐11 leaflets 2 1/2 -‐ 4" long, 1 Gray; smooth, thin, resembling 2-‐31/4" long; flat, oblong 1/4-‐2" wide; elliptical, nearly in beech pod haning in clusters pairs except at end. Common Persimmon Size 1.5-‐2" long, elliptical or 8-‐20" long, 7 or 9 leaflets, 2-‐8" pear-‐shaped; with thick long; elliptical or lance-‐shaped, Gray; irregularly furrowed into husk splitting to middle. yellow green above, pale and narrow forking ridges Nut rounded or elliptical densely hairy and glandular slightly 4-‐angles; thick-‐ beneath shelled with edible seed Cladrastis kentukea American Yellowwood Flower 3/8" white petals, many Height 80' diameter Foodsource for birds, squirrel, deer, Most valued cabinet and furniture On many sites except very wet or flowers along spreading or 2' turkey, mice, and other wildlife. woods very dry soils drooping axis white about the same time Height 80-‐100', the leaves appear diameter 3-‐4' More than 180 different kinds of birds and mammals use acorns as food. Most important lumber tree of the white oak group, useful for all Moist well-‐drained uplands and purposes. Excellent ornamental lowlands tree Appalachian pioneers sometimes flavored their rum or brandy with Prunus serotina-‐ whole tree the fruit to make a drink called cherry bounce. It's sometimes called "Stave Oak" because the wood is outstanding Quercus alba -‐ whole tree for making tight barrels for whiskey and other liquids. Height 50-‐80' Diameter 1-‐2 1/2' Nesting site, birds, mammals, rodent, and deer eat the fruit. Timber, fuel, watershed protection, Good cover tree. Important winter Dry, sandy loam and clay loam soils shade and beauty, tannin and food source because white oaks of uplands extractives. germinate soon after falling and are unavailable. Height 50-‐80' Diameter 2-‐4' Windbreaks, shelterbelt systems, Excellent source of food for many riparian forest buffer plantings, wildlife species including deer, Dry uplands on limestone and The acorns, distinguished by very woody draw restoration, turkeys, squirrels, rabbits, raccoons, gravelly ridges, sandy plains and deep fringed cups, are the largest of Quercus macrocarpa whole tree manufacture of cabinets, barrels, and rodents. Provides roosting, loamy slopes to moist flood plains all native oaks. hardwood flooring and fence posts; loafing and nesting for numerous of streams ornamental and well suited to bird species drought tolerant landscapes The Native American Cherokee Tribe used the bark for various medicinal purposes; the fiber for Quercus falcata tree building materials, and the leaves to wrap dough for baking bread. Light gray; thin, fissured and scaly Acorns: 1/2 -‐ 1" long, egg-‐ shaped; deep thin cup of many overlapping hairy gray-‐brown scales Height 50-‐80' Diameter 2-‐3" Chinkapin oak acorns are sweet and Heavy wood makes excellent fuel; A Mostly limestone outcrops in palatable and are eaten by shade tree for large lawns or parks. alkaline soils, including dry bluffs squirrels, mice, voles, chipmunks, Uncommonly cultivated. and rocky river banks deer, turkey, and other birds Chinkapin oak is named because of the resemblance of the leaves to the Allegheny chinquapin (Castanea Quercus muehlenbergii whole tree Quercus muehlenbergii bark large tree pumila), a relative of American chestnut Quercus muehlenbergii fruit Quercus muehlenbergii leaf Dark gray, smooth; becoming blackish and furrowed into narrow scaly ridges Acorns 3/8-‐5/8" long and broad, nearly round, with shallow saucer-‐shaped cup Height 50-‐100' Diameter 1-‐2 1/2' Cover, food and habitat; water oak Moderate quality factory lumber; acorns are eaten by many animals used as plywood for fruit and and important winter food source vegetable containers Many Native Americans pounded the acorns to use as food or beverage. Initially smooth, but quickly Acorns 1/2 inch long, yellow-‐green flowers borne developing small scaly ridges, Height: 60-‐110' orange-‐brown, cap covers on elongated clusters of later becoming dark, scaly and Diameter 2 1/2 -‐ 6' about 1/3 of the nut catkins quite rough Moist or wet soils of lowlands, including flood plains or bottomlands; also moist uplands The name "pagoda" refers to the Many wild animals and birds use The heavier stronger wood makes it Bottomland woodlands, floodplain regularly tiered shape of the acorns as food; Many insects an excellent timber tree; it is used woodlands, areas along rivers and cherrybark's leaves, which are feed on the leaves, wood, sap, and for furniture and interior finish. streams, and well-‐drained reminiscent of the shape of a other parts of this tree Pleasant shade tree hammocks within swamps. pagoda Quercus nigra whole tree Quercus nigra view up trunk Quercus nigra fruit Quercus nigra-‐leaf Quercus pagoda whole tree Quercus pagoda bark large tree Quercus pagoda fruit Quercus pagoda leaf Common Name Scientific Name Leaf Willow Oak Quercus phellos Narrowly oblong or lance-‐ shaped Quercus rubra 5 to 8 inches long, oblong in shape with 7 to 11 bristle-‐ tipped lobes, generally very uniform in shape, dull green to blue-‐green above and paler below. Quercus stellata 3 1/4-‐6" long, 2-‐4" wide; obovate with 5-‐7 deep lobes, shiny dark green and slightly rough with scattered hairs Northern Red Oak Post Oak Bark Fruit Dark gray, smooth, hard, rough Acorns 3/8 -‐ 1/2 " long & & fissured into irregular narrow broad, nearly round ridges and plates Flower Light Gray, fissured into scaly ridges Size Slender yellow-‐green hairy Height: 100' catkins Diameter 3-‐6' On young stems, smooth; older Acorns are 3/4 to 1 inch bark develops wide, flat-‐topped long and nearly round; cap yellow-‐green slender, ridges and shallow furrows. The is flat and thick, covering hanging catkins, 2 to 4 shallow furrows form a pattern about 1/4 or less of the inches long; resembling ski tracts acorn, resembling a beret; Acorns, 1/2 -‐ 1' long; elliptical, 1/3-‐1/2 enclosed by deep cup; green becoming brown; usually stalkless or short-‐stalked Salix nigra 3-‐5" long, 3/8-‐3/4" wide; narrowly lance-‐shaped, finely saw-‐toothed; hairless; shiny green above, paler beneath Common Sassafras Sassafras albidum 3-‐5" long, 1 1/2-‐4" wide; elliptical, often with 2 mitten-‐ shaped lobes or 3 broad and Gray-‐brown, becoming thick blunt lobes; not toothed; shiny and deeply furrowed green above, paler and often hairy beneath 3/8" long; elliptical shiny bluish-‐black berries; each in 3/8" long; yellow-‐green Height 30-‐60' red cup on long red stalk, clustered at end of leafless Diameter 1 1/2 containing 1 shiny brown twigs sometimes larger seed American Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia Paired leaves of 3 leaflets, Gray; smooth, becoming striped twigs, gladderflike seed slightly fissured capsules 1 1/4-‐2" long; drooping elliptical capsul, swollen, slightly 3-‐lobed Slippery Elm Blackhaw Viburnum Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum Ulmus rubra Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rufidulum Quercus rubra whole tree Quercus rubra bark large tree Quercus rubra fruit Quercus rubra leaf Quercus stellata bark large tree Quercus stellata fruit Quercus stellata leaf Quercus texana bark Quercus texana fruit Quercus texana leaf Robinia pseudoacacia bark large tree Robinia pseudoacacia fruit Robinia pseudoacacia leaf Salix nigra bark medium tree Salix nigra fruit Salix nigra leaf Sassafras albidum bark medium tree Sassafras albidum inflorescence Sassafras albidum leaf on twig Staphylea trifolia bark Staphylea trifolia flower Staphylea trifolia leaf Taxodium distichum bark Taxodium distichum cone female closed Taxodium distichum leaf In the 18th and 19th century, the inner bark was made into rope for Ulmus alata-‐whole tree fastening covers of cotton bales. Ulmus alata bark Ulmus alata inflorescence Ulmus alata-‐ leaf The American Elm is the state tree Ulmus americana whole tree of North Dakota. Ulmus americana-‐ bark large tree Ulmus americana inflorescence Ulmus americana leaf Ulmus rubra bark large tree Ulmus rubra fruit Ulmus rubra leaf Height 60-‐100' Diameter 1-‐3' Black Willow Ulmus americana Quercus phellos leaf Not distinguished as a species until 1927, when it was named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-‐1859), British-‐ American botanist and Quercus texana tree ornithologist. Foliage resembles Pin Oak; the ranges overlap in Arkansas, but Pin Oak has smaller rounded acorns with a shallow cup. 2-‐4' long; narrowly oblong 3/4" long; pea-‐shaped with Height 40-‐80' flat pot; splitting open; 3-‐14 5 unequal white petals Diameter 1-‐2' beanlike seeds American Elm Leaf Image Quercus phellos fruit One of the few commercially important species found on poorly Important species for wildlife drained clay flats and low bottoms Wet, poorly drained, clay soils of management because of the heavy of the Gulf Coastal Plain and north flood plains annual mast production. in the Mississippi and Red River Valley. Lumber is often cut and sold as red oak. 6-‐12" long, 7-‐19 leaflet 1 -‐1'34' Light gray; thick deeply wide; paired, elliptical with tiny furrowed into long rough bristle tip, without teeth forking ridges Height 60-‐100' Diameter 1 1/2-‐2 1/2' Not a commercial timber species but is useful for many other purposes. Because it is a nitrogen provides cover for wildlife, browse fixer and has rapid juvenile growth, for deer, and cavities for birds it is widely planted as an ornamental, for shelterbelts, and for land reclamation Among first plants to provide honey Millwork, furniture, doors, bees, after long winters, with nectar cabinetwork, boxes, barrels, toys and pollen. Domestic grazing and pulpwood. Valuable in binding animals, elk and beaver browse in soil banks. Shade tree and honey willow thickets plant. Moist to dry sandy and rocky soils, Posts of this durable timber served especially in old fields and other as corner posts for the colonists' Robinia pseudoacacia whole tree open areas and in woodlands first homes. Wet soils of banks of streams and lakes especially in flood plains. The plants are used for tea, oil, and The fruits are readily eaten by soap. Heartwood is orange-‐brown wildlife. Black bears, beaver, rabbits and coarse-‐grained and used for Moist, particularly sandy, soils of and squirrels eat the fruit, bark and purposes requiring lightwood, such uplands and valleys wood. White-‐tailed deer browse the as boat construction, because it is twigs and foliage. soft but durable. 1/2" long; bell-‐shaped with Height 20' Diameter The flowers attract bees and other Flowering tree, rain garden, seeds Moist soils in understory of 5 white ptetals 4" nectar-‐sucking insects also provide landscape interest. hardwood forests. In pioneer times, the wood of this and other willows was a source of charcoal for gunpowder. Salix nigra whole tree This is the northernmost New World representative of an important family of tropical Sassafras albidum whole tree timbers. Filé, made from the ground roots or leaves, is an important spice used today in Cajun foods, such as gumbo. Staphylea is from greek and means "cluster of grapes," referring to the Staphylea trifolia whole tree flowers. The Latin species name, trifolia, meaning "three-‐leaf", refers to the leaflets. Height 100 -‐ 120' Diameter 3-‐5' Seeds are eaten by wild turkey, wood ducks, evening grosbeak, squirrels, waterfowls, and wading Heavy construction, including Very wet, swampy soils of This cypress is called the "wood birds. Unique watering places for a docks, warehouses, boats, bridges,. riverbanks and floodplain lakes that eternal" because of the variety of birds and mammals and Ornamentals northward in colder are sometimes submerged heartwood's resistance to decay. breeding sites for amphibians and climates and in drier soils. reptiles; tops provide nesting sites for bald eagles, ospreys, herons and egrets 1/8" wide, greenish clustered along twigs in early spring Height 40 -‐ 80' diameter 1 1/2' Food source for birds and animal, Fine furniture, boxes, barrels and Dry uplands including abandoned twigs and leaves are important for crates; hockey sticks, bent parts of fields, also moist valleys white-‐tailed deer chairs such as rockers and arms 1/8" wide, greenish clustered along twigs in early spring Seeds, buds & tender young twigs height 100' diameter used as food by birds and 4' mammals, particularly deer 1/8" wide; greenish; numerous; short-‐stalked along twigs Birds often nest in the thick elm Although considered inferior to The thick, slightly fragrant, edible, foliage; the seeds and buds are food Height 70' Diameter American elm, is used commercially Moist soils, especially lower slopes glue-‐like inner bark is dried and to songbirds, game birds, and Ulmus rubra whole tree 2-‐3' for the same products: furniture, and flood plains afterwards moistened for use as a squirrels. Deer and rabbits browse paneling, and containers cough medicine or poultice on the twigs. Cone: 3/4-‐1" in diameter, round; gray, 1-‐2 at end of twig; 2 brown, 3-‐angled seeds nearly 1/4" long, under cone-‐scale Elliptical; often slightly curved elliptical reddish flat 1-‐ with unequal sides; doubly saw-‐ Light brown; thin, irregularly seeded keys (samaras) toothed; dark green with soft furrowed hairy with narrow wing; 2 hairs beneath curved points at tip 3-‐6" long, elliptical, long-‐ elliptical flat 1-‐seeded keys pointed, base rounded with Light gray; deeply furrowed into (samaras) with wing hairy unequal sides, doubly saw-‐ broad, forking scaly ridges on edges tooth, dark green 2 rows; 4-‐7" long, 2-‐3" wide; Elliptical, abruptly long-‐ 1/2-‐3/4 long, nearly round pointed, sides very unequal, Dark Brown; deeply furrowed; flat 1-‐seeded keys double saw-‐tooth; thick; green inner bark mucilaginous (samaras); with light green to dark green and very rough broad hairless wing above, densely covered with soft hairs beneath 1 1/2-‐3" long 3/4-‐2" wide; 1/2" long elliptical, slightly elliptical, finely saw-‐toothed; Gray, rough, furrowed into flak, dark blue-‐black shiny green with sunken veins rectangular plates somewhat flat stone above opposite; 2-‐4" long, 1-‐2 1/2" wide, elliptical; finely saw-‐ Gray; rough, furrowed into 1/2" ellipitical; flat; blue toothed; shiny green, rust-‐ rectangular plates with whitish bloom colored hairs beneath Fruit/Nut/flower Image Quercus phellos bark large tree Height 30-‐70' Diameter 1-‐2' Robinia pseudoacacia Ulmus alata Bark Image Quercus phellos whole tree Stellata means starlike, probably in reference to the leaf shape, which is Quercus stellata whole tree actually more cruciform than starlike. Black Locust Winged Elm Tree Image Nesting site, Substrate-‐ insectivorous birds, Cover, Fruit-‐ Marketed as "White Oak" and used Sandy, gravelly, and rocky ridges, mammals, birds, rodents, deer. for railroad cross-‐ties, posts, and also moist loamy soils of flood Attracts birds, butterflies and larval construction timbers. plains along streams host for Northern hairstreak, Horace's Duskywing Acorns: 3/4-‐1 1/4" long; oblong, usually dark-‐ striped, 1/4-‐1/2 enclosed by deep thick cup tapering to broad stalklike base Needles: deciduous: 3/8-‐3/4" long; 2 rows, featherlike, flat, Brown or gray; with long flexible; dull light green above, fibrous or scaly ridges, peeling whitish beneath, turning brown off in strips and shedding with twig in fall Did you know? An abundant crop of acorns may not occur before this tree reaches 40 years old. 4-‐8" long, 2-‐5" wide; elliptical, deeply divided into 7 or 5 Gray or brown, smooth; narrow long-‐pointed lobes; dull becoming black and furrowed dark green above, paler with into flat, scaly ridges tufts of hairs in vein angles along midrib beneath Taxodium distichum Habitat Moist, well-‐drained acidic soil and The willow oak was Thomas full sun or light shade Jefferson's favorite tree. Height: 60-‐90' Diameter: 1-‐2 1/2' Quercus texana Baldcypress Uses Acorns are food source, homes for Ornamental, lumber, erosion many wild animals control, ornamental, shade Most important lumber species of Acorns are an important food for red oak. Flooring, furniture, Moist, loamy, sandy, rocky, clay squirrels deer, turkey, mice, voles, millwork, railroad cross-‐ties. soils and other mammals and birds Popular, handsome shade and street tree. Nuttall Oak Dark brown or blackish; deeply 3/16" long; reddish-‐brown Catkins 1-‐3" long; with furrowed into scaly forking capsules; hairless yellow hairy scales ridges Wildlife Use Fine furniture, boxes, barrels and crates; Hockey Sticks 1/4" wide with 5 white Fruit is consumed by songbirds, Ornamental, showy flowers in Height 20', diameter corolla lobes in upright flat, game birds, and mammals and can spring and red-‐black berries in 4' stalkless clusters, spring be made into preserves autumn and winter 1/4" wide with 5 rounded white corolla lobes; flat, stalkess clusters Showy understory tree; wildlife Height 20' Diameter uses: Nectar-‐bees, Nectar-‐ 6" butterflies, Nectar-‐insects, Fruit-‐ birds, Fruit-‐mammals Ornamental, interesting foliage, tolerates heavy shade. Rich, moist, well-‐drained soils, adapts to wide range Taxodium distichum whole tree Moist soils, especially in valleys and The astringent bark was formerly on slopes used medicinally Viburnum prunifolium whole tree Viburnum prunifolium bark medium tree Viburnum prunifolium inflorescence Viburnum prunifolium leaf The Latin species name, means Uplands and less often in valleys in "reddish" referring to the hairs on forests and edges of woods. the underside of leaves. viburnum rufidulum tree viburnum rufidulum bark viburunum rufidulum flower viburnum rufidulum leaf
