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Exploring Uses of Energy
TEKS 5.6A {MELTS}
What is ENERGY?
Energy can cause motion and changes in matter.
Energy is NOT matter.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy is the ability to do work.
Work is done when a force moves an object.
MELTS
Mechanical
Electrical
Light
Thermal
Sound
Mechanical Energy
The energy in an object due to
its position (potential energy)
or motion (kinetic energy)
Mechanical Energy: M is for Motion or Mechanical
kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The faster an object moves
and the greater its mass, the MORE kinetic energy it has.
Example: A bus going 55mph has more kinetic energy than a car going 40mph.
potential energy is stored energy. The higher above ground an
object is and the greater its mass, the MORE potential energy it has.
Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is produced by
charged particles moving from
one place to another.
Electrical Energy: electrical is electrons
Atoms are made of Particles - ELECTRONS (negative - charge),
PROTONS (positive + charge), and NEUTRONS (no charge).
STATIC ELECTRICITY is the buildup of electricity on a object. THe
“SHOCK” is a spark and sound produced when the charge jumps to
another object.
Electrical Energy
The constant flow of electrons is called a CURRENT.
THE PATH A CURRENT TRAVELS ON IS CALLED A CIRCUIT.
Batteries “PUSH” electrons through CONDUCTORS (like wires).
THe more batteries you use - the stronger the push - the more energy
the electrons have (lights shine brighter).
Electrical Energy
An ELECTRIC CURRENT cannot travel through an open circuit or
incomplete circuit.
OPEN SWITCH, INCOMPLETE PATH, CUT WIRE = LIGHTS OFF
CLOSED SWITCH, COMPLETE PATH = LIGHTS ON
Electrical Energy
CONDUCTOR: MATERIALS THAT ALLOW ELECTRICITY OR AN ELECTRIC
CURRENT TO TRAVEL THROUGH THEM (METALS ARE GOOD! ESPECIALLY COPPER)
INSULATOR: mATERIALS THAT DO NOT ALLOW (RESIST) ELECTRIC CURRENT
TO TRAVEL THROUGH THEM (COVERING OR PLASTIC COATING OF THE WIRES)
Electrical Energy
Parts of a circuit: power source (battery or outlet), conductors,
and job to do - called the device or the load. Don’t build a circuit
without a job. That’s dangerous and it’s called a short circuit.
Electrical circuits allow electrical energy to be changed into other
forms of energy - sound, mechanical, thermal, light.
Electrical Energy - two types of circuits
Series Circuit - one continuous loop or path
Parallel Circuit - each device is on its own separate loop or path
Light Energy
Light Energy is visible energy.
A type of electromagnetic
radiation that can be seen.
Light Energy
Light is made of waves, but it travels in straight lines.
Light is produced by other forms of energy (like electrical).
Light is transmitted, absorbed, reflected, refracted.
Light can travel through empty space (called a vacuum) and travels
slower through other mediums (like air, glass, water).
Light Energy
Light is refracted as it travels through different materials and the rays slow down.
THis makes objects appear bent or broken.
Light is Reflected (Bounced) off of shiny objects like mirrors.
Light is transmitted when it passes through an object like a window of clear glass.
Light is absorbed into dark colors and non-shiny surfaces.
Thermal Energy = HEAT
Moving particles have energy.
The energy of moving particles
produces heat.
Thermal Energy: THermal like THermometer (tool to measure Heat)
Thermometers are used to measure the amount of thermal energy.
That’s called TEMPERATURE. (Faster Particles = HOTTER Slower = COLDER)
Conductors - allow heat to travel through them easily (metals)
Insulators - slow the flow of heat (plastic, cloth, rubbber, wood)
Heat TRANSFERS from WARMER to COOLER objects or places.
Sound Energy
Energy you can hear.
Sound is produced by
vibrating objects (motion)
and travels in waves.
Sound Energy
Sound can only travel through matter and not a vacuum (empty
space). Sound vibrates particles from the source to your ear.
Sound is originated with motion (like hitting a drum, blowing air
through an instrument’s mouthpiece, tapping)
Pitch: how high or low a sound is (high= more frequent vibrations
like a tight guitar string low = fewer vibrations)
Other Forms of Energy
chemical energy: stored in the foods
we eat and in fuel we burN (like
fossil fuels, wood, gasoline)
Nuclear energy: used to generate
power or kill cancer cells;produced
by breaking apart atoms
Radiant energy:
Kinetic energy of
light, heat, and
radiation waves,
Electromagnetic, Ex:
x-rays, lighting
fixtures or lamps,
solar energy