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Ecology
Brainstorm
Ecology is the study of the relationships
between living and non-living things.
Biotic vs Abiotic
Biotic
vs
Abiotic
Ecology is the study of the relationships
between living and non-living things.
What is all that area that contains life called?
Ecology is the study of the relationships
between living and non-living things.
What is all that area that contains life called?
The Biosphere- Anywhere life exists.
Examples = land, water, & air
Biome -similar climate & species
Ex = tundra, temperate forest
Where life exists –land, water, & air
Biome /similar climate & species
Ecosystem
Interacting biotic and
abiotic factors.
Different populations in
an area
Ecosystem
Interacting biotic and
abiotic factors.
Community
Different populations in
an area
PopulationGroup of same
species in area.
Community
Different populations in
an area
Individual –one
Member of a species
PopulationGroup of same
species in area.
stop
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
Parasitism…
Parasites drain energy from other living
organisms
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
•parasitism
•predator – prey (predator eats prey)
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
•parasitism
•predator - prey
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
•parasitism
•predator – prey
•mutualistic symbiosis (2 organisms live
closely together both benefit.
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
•parasitism
•predator – prey
•mutualistic symbiosis (2 organisms live
closely together both benefit.
Populations of species that interact can
have a variety of relationships.
•parasitism
•predator – prey
•mutualistic symbiosis (2 organisms live
closely together both benefit.)
•commensalism (2 organisms live
closely together 1benefits the other is
neither helped or harmed.)
•parasitism
•predator – prey
•mutualistic symbiosis (2 organisms live
closely together both benefit.)
•commensalism (2 organisms live
closely together 1benefits the other is
neither helped or harmed.)
monarch = poisonous
viceroy = nonpoisonous
How did the viceroy evolve to use this type
of camouflage?
monarch = poisonous
viceroy = nonpoisonous
Compare/Contrast
Table of ways.
Ecology is studied
in a variety
Section 3-1
Ecological Methods
Observation
Experiment
Experimental plots,
field sites, laboratory
Tapes, compass,
Measuring Tools Tapes, compass,
Global Positioning
Global Positioning
System, thermometer, System, thermometer,
sensors
sensors
Magnifying Tools Binoculars, microscope, Binoculars, microscope,
telescope
telescope
Sites
Written Record
Go to
Section:
Field site
Model Building
Many sites for data
collecting
Aerial views, Global
Positioning System,
weather balloons
Satellite images
Notes, automated data Notes, automated data Automated data storage
storage
storage
Chemical Testing Test kits
Test kits
Computer/
Calculators
Mathematical analysis Mathematical analysis
and graphics, statistics and graphics, statistics,
simulations
Mathematical analysis
and graphics, statistics
Large database,
multiple sensors
What is the ultimate source of energy for
most life on Earth?
What is this ?
Decomposers
bacteria & fungus
bacteria & fungus
Food Chains show how energy moves
through the ecosystem.
What are the trophic levels in a food chain.
and what are some terms that describe
them.
Decomposers
bacteria & fungus
bacteria & fungus
heterotroph
autotroph
omnivore
carnivore
herbivore
decomposer
Food Chains show how energy moves
through the ecosystem.
Producer
Primary
heat
Make 100%of
Consumer
food
heat
10%
10%
100lbs.
Secondary
Consumer
heat
10%
1%
Decomposer
heat
.1%
10%
10lbs.
.1lbs.
1lbs.
green plant herbivore
carnivore decomposer
Autotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph
Eats something else
Compare & contrast food chain & food web.
Ecological Pyramids
What can be shown with pyramids?
Section 3-2
Energy Pyramid
Shows the relative amount of
energy available at each trophic
level. Organisms use about 10
percent of this
energy for
life processes.
The rest is lost
as heat.
Biomass Pyramid
Represents the amount of
living organic matter at each
trophic level. Typically, the
greatest biomass is at the
base of the pyramid.
Go to
Section:
Pyramid of Numbers
Shows the relative
number of individual
organisms at each
trophic level.
Matter is not created or destroyed it is
cycled through living and non-living parts
of the environment.
List 5 examples of Matter that cycles.
(Hint- think elements.)
Water Cycle
carbon
+ water + nitrogen + phosphate =
carbon
C
+ water + nitrogen + phosphate =
HO
N
CHO
CHONP
CHONP and sometimes S
P
carbon
+ water + nitrogen + phosphate =
C
HO
N
P
CHO - carbohydrates and lipids
CHON - proteins
CHONP – nucleic acids
CHONPS- some of protein’s amino acids
require sulfur
Sulfur Cycle
Some amino acids also require sulfur
Limiting factors can prevent or limit growth.
Why was your bean not growing when you
first got it? (what was the limiting factor)
normal growth
nitrogen deficiency
Why does limiting nitrogen cause so many
problems?
Nutrients provide material for growth and
living. Anytime there is not enough of
a required nutrient growth and life is limited.
The more productive the ecosystem
the more standing biomass.
What is the most productive ecosystems?
Pollution can be chemicals, nutrients,
conditions, or structures that are harmful.
Its amazing just how large a problem this
can be!
Eutrophication is the gradual filling in of
bodies of water through the build up of
sediment.
How would an algae bloom affect this?
How can eutrophication be sped up by
human activities?
If there are lots of plants why would other
organisms die?
How can you help.
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning
Change a Light Bulb
Buy Energy-Efficient Products
Plant a Tree
Use the "Off" Switch
Get a Report Card from Your Utility Company
Use Less Hot Water
Drive Less and Drive Smart
Use less harmful substances.
Encourage Others to Conserve
Some things like mercury are
bioaccumulative.
It becomes more
concentrated as
you go up the
food chain.
How can you
reduce this
problem?