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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS The classification of animals and plants is based primarily on the physical characteristics and relationships of the animals and plants. The order of classification follows this pattern: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Plants and animals always have a scientific name and usually have a common name as well. Names are assigned in two parts, sort of like a person’s first and last name. The first part is always capitalized and it refers to the genus of the animal. The second part of the name is not capitalized and refers to the species. When you see the scientific name of an animal, you will notice that it is usually italicized because the words are Latin. This system is called binomial nomenclature. For Example: The classification of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis Species: mellifera An entomologist is a person who studies insects and the classification of insects. Insect means “segmented” in Latin. There are about a million different types of insects and many more that have not been discovered yet. The different orders within the insect class are based on characteristics such as type of mouthpart, characteristics of wings, purpose of legs, where they live, where they lay their eggs, where the developing stages of metamorphosis take place, color, characteristics of various body parts, etc. For example, the order Coleoptera is the largest order of insects consisting of insects with biting mouthparts and hard forewings like beetles. Grasshoppers and crickets are in the order Orthoptera because they move with great agility and their wings fold over their body when not in use. The “ORDER” of insects are as follows: Odonata – Dragonfly Order Orthoptera – Grasshopper Order Hemiptera – True Bug Order Hymenoptera – Bee and Ant Order Coleoptera – Beetle Order Lepidoptera – Butterfly and Moth Order Diptera – Fly and Mosquito Order Homoptera – Cicada Order CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS ORDER Odonata Orthoptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera Diptera Homoptera IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES