Download Yield of lines selected from organic field, 2011

COMPARISON OF TRITICALE, WHEAT AND OAT SELECTION RESULTS IN
ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS
Kronberga A.1, Strazdina V.2, Vicupe Z.2
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia
State Stende Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia
www.priekuliselekcija.lv, [email protected]
Materials and methods
Experiment with winter triticale, winter wheat and oat breeding lines was started parallel under
organic and conventional growing conditions. The experimantal study was conducted at the
Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute for triticale and at State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute for winter
wheat and oats.
The same lines were grown under both conditions and selection of the best ones according to
breeder’s opinion with a respect to suitability for organic farming was done. 100 F5 winter
triticale lines, 110 F3 and F4 winter wheat lines and 100 F4 oat lines were taken from conventional
breeding material and sown in conventionally and organically managed fields in 2010. The
conventional field was treated according to standard agricultural practices, including the use of
herbicides and synthetic fertilizers.
During the vegetation in 2010 different traits essential for growing under organic farming were
evaluated for genotypes in both growing systems: winterhardiness, resistance to diseases, time of
maturity, weed suppression ability as well as grain quality characteristics and plant productivity.
About best 10 lines were selected from each growing conditions and evaluated in 2011 paralelly
in organic and conventional conditions
Introduction
About 9% of Latvian agricultural land is farmed organically. So far only one barley variety is
registered especially for organic farming and farmers need varieties, which are suitable for
organic farming.
For creating varieties suitable for organic farming special triticale and barley breeding
programmes has been started in Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute and oats and wheat breeding
programme in Stende Cereal Breeding Institute.
Several breeding strategies were used in breeding programs for organic farming (Wolfe et al,
2008):
Currently available varieties from conventional breeding programs were used in organic fields;
Breeding programs, where first steps (selection) are conducted under conventional conductions
and further steps – in organic environments ;
Breeding programs in which all breeding steps were done in organic fields with selection and
propagation techniques that comply with organic principles.
Currently in cereal breeding programmes for organic farming in Latvia second breeding strategy
is used due to economic reasons. However, because of genotype by environment interaction
more research is needed to define the best selection environment for selecting organic varieties
(Lammerts van Bueren et al., 2007)
Evaluated traits
Wheat
Winterhardiness
Lodging resistance
Plant height
Ear lenght
Yield
Grain size
Grain quality
Resistance to
diseases
Experiment sheme for triticale, oat and wheat
100 F4 lines from conventional
breeding material
2009
100 F4 lines in organic
field, about 10 best lines
selected
2010
Triticale
the same F4 lines in
conventional field, about
10 best lines selected
Oat
Plant growth habit
Lodging resistance
Plant height
Spike length
Yield
Grain size
Grain quality
Resistance to
diseases
Winterhardiness
Lodging resistance
Plant height
Soil coverage
Yield
Grain size
Grain quality
Resistance to
diseases
Testing selected lines in
both conventional and
organic fields
2011
Testing selected lines in
both conventional and
organic fields in two
locations
2012
Results of selection in 2010
The preliminary results showed differences in breeders decisions about best genotypes selected in organically and conventionally managed fields.
•For triticale 10 breeding lines from organic growing conditions and 11 ones from conventional growing conditions were selected; 6 of them were selected in common from organic and from conventional
field.
•For wheat 16 lines from each growing conditions were selected. Only 4 genotypes where selected in common from both fields.
•From 100 evaluated oat genotypes 10 lines were selected in each growing conditions according to breeder’s decision. Only one line was selected in common from organic and conventional fields.
•For oat 10 lines from each growing conditions were selected also according to selection index (mathematical model). Only one line was the same as selected by breeder’s decision.
Preliminary evaluation results of selected breeding lines in 2011
WHEAT
•Lines selected in common from organic and from
conventional field did not have high yield in both growing
conditions in 2011; There were negative significant
correlation between yield of these lines r=-0.85*
TRITICALE
•Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower
yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be
explained by effect of the growing conditions in previos
year
•There was positive and significant correlation between
yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for
triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no
correlation was stated for lines selected under
conventional conditions;
F-03-47
F-03-101
Organic Priekuli
Organic Stende
Conventional
F-03-143
OATS
Differences in yield for triticale genotypes selected from
conventional and organic conditions
Conventional
field
Genotypes
selected from
conv field
Mean
Min
Max
6.5
Cinvention
Organic
al fiels
field
Genotypes
Genotypes
selected
selected
from
conventiona
organic
l field
field
5.7
3.3
•Lines selected in common from organic
and from conventional field have high
only in organic conditions in 2011;
Organic field
Genotypes
selected from
organic field
2.7
4.7
3.4
2.2
1.2
8.1
7.3
4.6
5.1
Yield of selected lines in conventional field, 2011
8
7
6
5
F-03-119
3
0421-23
0415-31
Dinaro
0419-91
0421-92
0421-54
0421-60
0422-59
0422-88
0422-26
0426-144
0426-47
0426-125
0426-47
0419-91
0426-144
0415-77
0421-107
F-05-55
0421-23
F-03-119
0419-104
1
0422-59
0
Dinaro
2
0422-88
2
F-03-141
in conv. field
in organic field
Yield of selected lines in organic field, 2011
0
7
Olivin
6
Yield of lines selected from conventional
field, 2011
0422-88
0419-91
0422-59
0426-47
Dinaro
0422-26
0421-23
0426-144
0421-54
0421-92
0421-60
0415-31
0422-88
2
0422-59
0
Dinaro
3
0421-23
6.99
1
0419-104
3.33
4
0426-125
4.1
2
0415-77
F-02-84
8.09
6.37
6.1
0
5
0426-144
7.57
8
1
6
3
5.49
F-06-67
4
0421-107
F-06-6
2
7
0419-91
4.69
F-03-101
5.63
5
0426-47
F-05-35
8
in conv. field
in organic field
1
0
Conclusions
•Lines selected in common from organic and from conventional field did not have high yield in both growing conditions in 2011;
•Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be explained by effect of the growing conditions on the seed material;
•There was positive and significant correlation between yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no correlation
was stated for lines selected under conventional conditions;
•The preliminary results are contradictious and does not provide sound conclusions about effect of selection environment; the experiment will be continued in 2012
References
Lammerts van Bueren E.T, Wilbois K-P., Ostergard H. (2007) European perspectives of organic plant breeding and
seed production in a genomics era. Journal of Agriculture and Rural development in the Tropics and Subtropics,
Supplement 89:101-120.
Wolfe M., Baresel J., Desclaux D., Goldringer I., Hoad S., Kovacs G., Loschenberger F., Miedaner T.,
Ostergard H., Lammerts van Bueren E. (2008) Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture,
Euphytica 163, 323-346.
Acknowledgement
This study was performed with financial support
of European Social Fund co-financed project
2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099.
l.33929
Yield of selected wheat varieties in
conventional field, 2011
3
l.33927
6
4
l.33916
6
l.33901
5
5
Yield of selected lines in organic field, 2011 (blue selected from
organic, yelow -selected from conventional field
l.33891
4
l.33886
3
l.33885
2
l.33866
1
l.33843
0
Olivin
l.34157
0
5
4
F-03-143
1
6
8
4
F--04-93
2
7
6
Yield of selected wheat varieties in organic
field, 2011
3
8
l.33929
Figure 1. Yield of wheat genotypes, selected in both groving
conditions, 2011
9
l.33909
8
l.33903
7
l.33892
6
l.33882
5
l.33877
4
l.33870
3
l.33847
2
l.33860
1
l.33831
0
4
Yield of lines selected from organic field, 2011
Yield of selected lines in conventional field, 2011 (blue selected
from organic, yelow -selected from conventional field