Download Vietnamese Perpective On Poverty Alleviation Through

Vietnamese Perpective On
Poverty Alleviation Through
Aquaculture Export Development
Lam Quoc Tuan
Asia Trade Initiative
NACA
AquaMarkets 2003
Accessing and Meeting Requirements
of Markets for Aquaculture Products
Manila, Philippines, 02-06 June 2003
Vietnam Case Study
Human Development Challenge
in fisheries
• Empower viable fishing communities, with
ability to manage fish resources,
• Provide equitable access to fish and ensure
food security
• Enable small producers to gain export income,
• Ensure sustainability of fish stocks in
territorial waters and high seas,
External factors
• Depletion of fish stocks, particularly those
accessible to small fishermen
• Degradation of fishing environment
• Small fisherman lack access to export
markets,
• Increased concern in major markets with
health, environmental standards
Aquaculture and poverty
alleviation potential
• Decreased fish capture due to resource
degradation.
Aquaculture - main source for fish supply
for domestic use and export in Vietnam.
To secure food for the country.
To create employment for about 2 million
laborers.
Aquaculture and poverty
alleviation potential
Aquaculture Export Development
Market accession
Strengthen
Management Capacity
Sustainable Aquaculture
for Poverty Alleviation (SAPA)
Aquaculture in Vietnam
• Aquaculture forms: shrimp, prawn, crab,
fish and seaweed farming.
• End of 2001, aquaculture areas is 1,090,000
ha (220,000 ha transferred from rice, salt
fields).
Trade Openess
• WTO’s goals is to promote openess,
fairness and predictability in international
trade for the human development.
• The reward of openess in Vietnam is higher
rate of growth.
• Vietnam is in the process of negotiating its
accession to the WTO.
Existing problems on fish trade
1. The WTO Agreement on Agriculture did not
cover the fish sector.
2. Below-average reduction of tariff rate.
3. Significant impact of sanitary and phytosanitary
(SPS) measures upon export capacity and
competitiveness.
4. Aquatic products are still among the most
protected categories.
Multilateral Trade Regime
• Low - average tariffs, but tariff peaks on
value added products, anti-dumping duties,
• Stringent health and environmental
regulations, eco-labelling schemes
• No effective control over subsidies to
fishing industries,
Objectives in Doha Round
• Tariff liberalization,
• Effective rules on fishing subsidies,
• Sanitary regulations that recognize
developing countries’ realities, technical
and financial assistance,
WTO accession
• Some problems faced by Vietnam fisheries could
be addressed if Vietnam were a member of the
WTO.
• The non – market economy (NME) criteria used
by the USA completely out of line with WTO
provisions.
• The lack of scientific basis for the classification of
catfish/basa and tra fish could be easily challenged
under the dispute settlement mechanism.
Aquatic Products Export
Subsidies
• Export subsidies play an important role in
development of WTO developing member
countries.
• As WTO member, Vietnam should have the
right to export subsidies (Agreement on
Subsidies) as its per capita GNP is less than
USD 1,000.