Download Zoology Phyla Comparison Chart

Zoology / Lemmons / Fishes and Amphibians Study Guide / 2013
Big Things to keep remembering:
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My list for Scientific Method in a functional order: Observation, Scientific Question, Scientific Hypothesis, Research,
Analyze Data, Conclusions, Present or Publish Conclusions
Zoology = study of animals
Number of species on earth = ~ 8 million
Main reasons for species being endangered in our current generation: habitat destruction, pollution, poaching; over
harvest, competition from species introduced by humans
Individual organism, Population (all one species), Community (2 or more species in area), Ecosystem (includes the
abiotic variables such as rocks, water = nonliving), Biome (larger scale), Biosphere (entire earth)
Eukaryotes have a nucleus; Prokaryotes do not
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
Domains = Eukarya (eukaryotes); Archaea (harsh environment prokaryotes, such as thermal vents); Bacteria
(prokaryotes that are the typical bacteria, such as on your skin)
Kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia; also the catch-all group Protists for which many Kingdoms are being named
Phyla names, Examples, Key Characteristics, & estimated # of species on chart (opposite page)
Unit Specific Items:
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Two groups of nonvertebrate chordates: Tunicates (sea squirts) and Lancelets
Subphylum Vertebrata = animals with a backbone (vertebral column)
Fish/Fishes = ~24,000 living species; aquatic vertebrates that mainly have paired fins, scales and gills (yes there are
execeptions; e.g. flathead catfish do not have scales)
Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class…..
Class Myxini (hagfish) = jawless fish; marine; extremely slimy and mostly scavengers; <0.002 of all fish
Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys) = jawless fish; marine and freshwater; parasitic; find attached to bass in SE OK;
<0.002 of all fish
Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous skeleton fish such as sharks, skates, rays and sawfish) = have jaws; mostly marine
but a few freshwater species; ~4 % of all fish
Class Osteichthyes (bony skeleton fish such as bass, catfish, trout, salmon, tuna, puffer fish, flying fish, minnows,
sunfish, etc.) = ~ 96% of all fish have bony skeleton; have jaws; marine and freshwater
Amphibians = ~4000 living species; vertebrates that mainly lack scales, lack claws, are tied to water for their
reproduction (laying eggs), skin with mucous glands
Class Amphibia = 3 groups: Salamanders, Frogs & Toads and Caecilians (legless; found in rainforest)
Frogs versus Toads: Toads have rougher, warty skin; Frogs have smooth skin
Frogs & Toads: adults metamorphosis from a tadpole (Draw it in space below; p.786)
Zoology Phyla Comparison Chart
Phylum
Examples
Porifera
Cnidaria
(Pores)
(Stinging
Cells)
Sponges
Hydra
Jellyfish
Coral
Sea
Anemone
Man-OWar
Platyhelminthes
(flatworms)
Turbellarian
e.g.
Planarians
Tapeworm
Fluke
Nematoda
(roundworms)
Hookworm
Filarial worm
Trichinella
Ascaris
Annelida
Mollusca
(segmented
worms)
(Mollusks)
Earthworm
Leech
Polychaetes
e.g.
Sandworms
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
(soft
bodied)
(jointed
(spiny
skin)
Clam
Snail
Slug
Octopus
Squid
Nautilus
Cuttlefish
Horseshoe
crab
Lobsters
Crayfish
Crabs
Spiders
Mites
Ticks
Scorpions
Centipedes
Millipedes
Insects
Sea Star
Brittle
Star
Sand
Dollar
Sea
Urchin
Sea
Cucumber
Sea
Lilies
Feather
Star
Sea
Squirt
Lancelet
Fishes:
jawless
cartilageenous
bony
foot)
Chordat
a
(corded
= spinal
cord)
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammal
Multicellular,
heterotrophic
animals
which
gain
nutrition
by filter
feeding
through
pores;
diffusion
important
for body
processes
Soft
bodied
carnivores
with
stinging
cells and
tentacles
Polyp and
Medusa
life stages
Soft,
flattened,
nonsegmented
worms with
an
incomplete
digestive
tract
Round, nonsegmented
worms that
have a
complete
digestive tract
Pseudocoelom
Segmented
Worms
Soft-bodied
animals
typically
with an
internal or
external
shell;
foot,
mantle,
shell,
visceral
mass
Exoskeleton that
molts;
segmented
body;
jointed
appendages
Spiny
skin,
internal
skeleton,
water
vascular
system,
tube feet
At some
life stage:
Dorsal,
hollow
nerve
cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal
pouches
Post-anal
tail
Estimated
Number of
Species
10,000
9,000
12,700
12,000 (but
understudied;
may be up to
500,000)
6,200
87,000
1 to 3
million
6,000
50,000
Body
Symmetry
Most none
Tubular
species
are radial
Radial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
larvae
Bilateral
Phylum
Key
Characteristics
Primary Tissue
Layers
No
Tissues;
just multicellular
Radial
adults
Two
Layers
ectoderm
&
endoderm
Three layers
(now
includes
mesoderm)
three
tissue layers
three
three
three
three
three
tissue layers
tissue
layers
tissue
layers
tissue
layers
tissue
layers
Coelom
N/A
N/A
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelom
Coelom
Early
Development
N/A
N/A
Proto-
Proto-
Proto-
Protostome
Or
Deuterostome
Coelom
Proto-
Coelom
Coelom
Coelom
Proto-
Deutero-
Deutero