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Download Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas , 1957
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The United States of American A historic overview 1946-1960 • The Cold war • US Civil Rights Movement Spring 2011 Cold War (1947-1991) • The ideological conflict after World War Ⅱ = Communist nations vs. Democratic nations ▫ political Communist vs. Democratic ▫ economic Communist vs. Capitalism • The cause of Cold War ▫ Ideological, economic and political differences between Communist nations and Democratic nations. • The end of Cold War ▫ After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. ▫ Factors Declined ideology of the Soviet Union Failure of the Soviet Union’s economy ▫ Results The United States became dominant military power Russia possessed most of the Soviet Union’s nuclear arsenal Senator McCarthy • Joseph Raymond McCarthy (11.14.1908~5.3.1957) ▫ An American politician ▫ Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin • Claim ▫ Hundreds of Communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies. • Anticommunist campaign ▫ Investigating fraud and waste in the executive branch ▫ Hunting for Communists ▫ Attacking a number of politicians and other individuals inside and outside of government • McCarthyism ▫ Describing the making of accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence. Space Race • Mid-to-late twentieth century competition between USSR and USA(1957~1975) ▫ For supremacy in outer space exploration • Beginning ▫ The Soviet launch of the Sputnik1 artificial satellite (4. 10 1957) • Conclusion ▫ The co-operative Apollo-Soyuz Test Project human spaceflight mission (7. 1975) = Symbolizing détente between the USA and USSR US Civil Rights Movement Brown v. Board of Education • A landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in 1954 • Role ▫ Motivation Integration Civil rights movement • Background ▫ Race relation / Race Segregation ▫ Separate but equal treatment for both white and black ▫ BUT! Inferior accommodations, services, and treatment for black Americans Approved by Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896 Racial segregation in education was different on each states. • Root of the case ▫ Brown’s daughter Segregated black school = six blocks to school bus stop, one mile away Segregated white school = seven blocks to the school • District Court ▫ Ruled in favor of the Board of Education Stood by a state law •ordering “separate but equal” segregated facilities for blacks and whites in railway cars UNCONSTITUTIONAL • Conclusion of Supreme Court ▫ State laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students denying black children equal educational opportunities • Social Outcome ▫ Integration of the Topeka middle schools since 1941 ▫ Integration of the Topeka elementary schools since 1953 Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas , 1957 After “Brown v. Board of Education ” • In 1957, nine AfricanAmerican students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School ,a all-white school by NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ) • Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus called out the National Guard to prevent them from entering school. Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas , 1957 • The nine students were harassed by white protesters on first few days Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas , 1957 • President Eisenhower warned the governor not to interfere with the Supreme Court's ruling. • The nine students had to be protected by U.S Army to school. Only one of the Little Rock Nine, Ernest Green, got the chance to graduate. Rosa Parks • Rosa Louise McCauley Parks February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005 ▫ an African American civil rights activist. • On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks, age 42, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger which was illegal according to Montgomery’s law. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 • Parks was arrested and her action sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott • Demand ▫ oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system • Result ▫ a heavy financial blow for the Montgomery public transit system. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 • On November 13, 1956, the United States Supreme Court declared racial segregation on buses operating unconstitutional. • The boycott lasted for 381 days until the local ordinance segregating African-Americans and whites on public buses was lifted. Martin Luther King, Jr. • Martin Luther King, Jr. January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968 ▫ An American clergyman, activist ▫ A prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. • Claim ▫ Ending racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. March on Washington,1963 • March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ▫ a large political rally in support of civil and economic rights for African-Americans ▫ King delivered " I Have a Dream " speech which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination. King’s key Events • Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 • March on Washington,1963 • the Nobel Peace Prize,1964 • Opposition to the Vietnam War,1965 • Assassination on April 4, 1968, at the age of 39 Credits • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o Senator McCarthy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism o Space Race http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race o Brown v. Board of Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education o Desegregation at Little Rock, Arkansas http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entrydetail.aspx?entryID=718 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine o Rosa Parks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks o Martin Luther King, Jr. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr. Thanks for watching : )
