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Beginning of the Life Cycle Chapter 17 Start page….468 The Human Body • An Everyday Miracle • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOUKD6qj5uU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0WM9oRr07w Lesson 1 Prenatal Development and Care • Human fetus begins with fertilization: joining of ovum and sperm. • Pregnancies are divided into three specific time periods; unique development occurs at each stage called _______. Stages not weeks of development First Trimester 0-12/14 weeks – Zygote is the single cell produced by the joining of the egg and sperm • it divides into a ball of cells as it travels down the fallopian tube …to eventually implant or embed in the uterine lining, …this period lasts about 4-5 days (√ blastocyst) First Trimester 0-12/14 weeks – The blastocyst stage is the resulting ball of cells that has separated into an inner and outer group of cells. . • The inner group of cells will be come the embryo • The outer group of cells will become the membranes that nourish and protect the embryo (placenta, amniotic sac and umbilical cord). – http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/cellmovie.html – http://faculty.weber.edu/tlday/Prenatal/blastocyst.html Most critical phase of development • The cells of the embryo now multiply and begin to take on specific functions. This process is called differentiation; the growing baby is most susceptible to damage. • Week 5: • The brain, spinal cord, ears, arms develop; begins 2 beat. • Nervous and cardiovascular systems functional; gastrointestinal tract begins 2 form 1st Trimester -- 0-12/14 weeks • 1” long @ 8 weeks – mouth, nostrils, eyelids, hands, fingers, feet, toes • Develops human profile, sex organs, eyelids, finger and toenails, by week 12 makes crying motions/sucks thumb • The end of the eighth week marks the end of the "embryonic period" and the beginning of the "fetal period." • Morning sickness! 2nd Trimester -- 13/15-28 weeks • Fetus can blink – eyebrows/lashes • More activity • Body growth, head growth slows • Limbs reach full proportion • Hearing intact • Sleep and wake cycles • ~12“ long and weighs 1# • Mom’s feeling pretty good Third Trimester 29-40 weeks • All Five Senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) • Pass water from bladder • Brain scans show “dreams” • Weight 6-9# • Ready for Birth Body Changes – Breech Positions Prenatal Development and Care • Expectant parents have many options regarding location and method of delivery of their baby. – Natural….birthing center, family birthing room, at home births (midwives), delivery rooms – ....and how – will you birth: in water, while squatting, on your hands and knees? – ….how about the environment around you: lights to be dimmed, noise level hushed? background music a favorite CD? • epidural (anesthetic outer membrane • of spinal cord/and overlying bones), • episiotomy (incision to enlarge • the vaginal opening in late stage labor • to prevent tearing and facilitate birth) Prenatal Development and Care – Surgical option: – Cesarean…..30% in US • horizontal • Vertical • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyN48VnRYUY – Birth has three steps: • Labor • Delivery • Afterbirth • Stork…. • http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2144/why-are-storks-associated-with-babies Twins and Exit Procedure…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-falsuafIfc http://fox2now.com/2012/02/21/twins-trapped-in-mothers-womb-by-tumor/?hpt=us_bn6 Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • DNA determines individual characteristics – Human’s contribute one sex chromosome in sperm and one in the egg (together a pair is formed). Journal Question…w1 • Should we be genetically engineering the sex of our children? Should we be genetically engineering the sex of our children? March 12/13, 2012 • CON -- Are designer babies ethical? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6GOhttItm8 • PRO -- Genetically Engineering Intelligent Babies - Horizon: Are We Still Evolving? Preview - BBC Two --- The Fertility Institutes in LA, where Dr Jeff Steinberg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQuvvLoDTsw and CBS NEWS for LA Fertility http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZOgzC8D_6Q • CON – FOX News …Ethics Issues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QekEveUm3KE • PRO -- Chill out about Designer Babies (Scientist analyzes genetics) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJGZsEVUPBA • The scientific approach: BBC…Designer Babies - Comments by Princeton professor Lee Silver http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN9ep4B9Hw0 Gattaca: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZppWok6SX88 Planet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjcpRHuPjOI Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics In determining the sex of the child……. – A female contributes a = X…or X – A male contributes a = X…or Y The Y chromosome contains a gene, SRY, triggering embryonic development as a male. The Y chromosomes also contain other genes needed for normal sperm production. Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics Most cells have 46 Chromosomes Or 23 pairs Sections of chromosomes are genes or Basic units of heredity 1 gene is from each pair is Inherited from each parent The egg and sperm cells only contribute half Or 23 chromosomes Although most cells = 46, the egg and sperm only contribute half or 23 chromosomes thus, the X or Y determinate. How many chromosomes do people have? Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • DNA determines individual characteristics • Children inherit other genetic traits from their parents like: -- Hair, skin, and eye color -- Ear lobes, tongue rolling, toes, fingers, etc. DNA – the human genome Genetic Information http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/ptc/ Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • Genetic disorders: caused by defects in genes – Downs Syndrome (affects physical/mental characteristics) – Cleft Palette (affects physical characteristics) – Neuro-tubal Defects (affects physical/mental affects) --Sickle Cell Anemia (affects RBC, joints, abdomen, kidneys) -- Tay Sachs (affects nervous systems) --Hemophilia (no clotting factor –blood) – Cystic Fibrosis (mucus clogs organs, nutrition problems, serious respiratory infections & congestion) Genetics – disease/sex • Genetic research is an opportunity to correct some genetic disorders. – Amniocentesis is a procedure to check the genetic coding and determine risks of disorders. Amniocentesis • http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/pregnancy/000238.htm • http://www.medicinenet.com/amniocentesis/article.htm# Down’s Syndrome Cleft Palate Neuro Tubal Defects Prenatal Care is vital to Mom and Baby’s health • Regular medical check ups & over all health care (sleep, hygiene….) • Proper nutrition (calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A, B complex, folic acid) • Extra 300 calories/day = 2.5 extra cups milk • Healthy weight gain (25-35#) • Fitness and flexibility • Avoid alcohol and other drugs (OTC, Rx, • illegal's), tobacco, other environmental hazards (exposure to asbestos, radiation, lead, mercury, other heavy metals, etc.) Lesson 3 Birth through Childhood • complete a variety of tasks during the four stages of childhood: -1- Infancy: birth to 12 mos. …(any stories?) -2- Early childhood: ages 1-3 …(1st memory?) -3- Middle childhood: ages 4-6 ...(1st day @ school?) -4- Late childhood: 7-12 …(favorite teacher?) Lesson 3 Birth through Childhood • Health screenings can identify problems and monitor growth and development. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEi7LUPkweA • Keeping a health history and immunizations current is critical to good health. • http://www.kidsdirect.net/ And then there is.. Adolescence:13 years + ? “Second childhood: when old goats act like kids”- Salada Coming Attractions…. THE QUIZ Fetal Development The End