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Chapter 16 Study Guide Human Impact on Ecosystems Biology 1. Carrying capacity - amount of people that Earth can support; Earth’s human carrying capacity is unknown 2. Thomas Malthus - Claimed that the human population was growing faster than Earth’s resources could support. Malthus’ prediction was off because of the advances in technology. 3. smog - sunlight interacts with pollutants in the air produced by fossil fuel 4. Renewable resources - cannot be used up or can replenish themselves over time. 5. ecological footprint - amount of land needed to support a person. Measures use of water, food, shelter, waste, energy, etc. 6. greenhouse effect - slows the release of energy from Earth’s atmosphere, traps heat, Earth would be too cold for life without the greenhouse effect 7. acid rain - caused by fossil fuel emissions 8. ozone - harmful to organisms at ground level, but plays a critical role in protecting Earth’s biosphere from harmful UV rays from the sun. 9. global warming - trend of increasing global temperatures; caused by carbon dioxide gases (changes with natural climate cycles) and methane 10. pH of rain – 5.6 11. frog sensitivity to pollution - Skin is water permeable and direct contact with pollutants can cause deformities such as extra arms and legs, as well as body tumors. 12. Biomagnification - causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain; Top consumers, including humans, are most affected 13. umbrella species - the habitat in which the species lives must be protected other species are protected because they share the ecosystem 14. clear cutting – cutting down an entire forest Factors in ecological footprint http://myfootprint.org/en/visitor_information/ know some factors used in determining your footprint .