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Unit 6 Vocab Log – DNA Structure Term: Definition: DNA The hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms; found in the cell’s nucleus. Genes Chromosomes The basic physical and functional unit of heredity; a small segment of DNA. Thread-like structures; each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins that support its structure. Double Helix The structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. Nucleotides Building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides are subunits of DNA composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and at least one phosphate group. Nitrogen Bases One of the nitrogen-containing purines (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine) found in DNA. The bases may be attached to a sugar and phosphate to make a nucleotide. Codon A codon is a sequence of three DNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. Illustration: