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Biology A Test 2 Review Chemistry for Biologists Identify the particles that make up atoms. Diagram the particles that make up an atom. Compare covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Identify the parts of a chemical reaction. (Reactants and Products) Describe the role of carbon in living organisms. Describe the four major families of biological macromolecules. Compare the functions of each group of biological macromolecules. Understand the role of enzymes in chemical reactions in the cell. Vocabulary ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Atom Proton Neutron Electron Element Compound Covalent bond Ion Ionic bond Chemical reaction Reactant Product Activation energy Enzyme Macromolecule Polymer Monomer Carbohydrate Glucose Starch Glycogen Cellulose Lipid Fatty acid ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Glycerol Protein Amino acid Dehydration synthesis Cellular Structure and Function Correctly classify the major types of cells by comparing their structural features. Draw, label, and describe the functions of components of essential structures within cells. Describe the structure of the cell membrane Connect the structure of the cell membrane to its function Explain how varying substances enter and exit the cell. Vocabulary ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Cell Cell theory Plasma membrane Organelle Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Nucleus Selective permeability Phospholipid bilayer Transport protein Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution Hypertonic solution Active transport Passive transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Cytoplasm Ribosome Mitochondria Chloroplast Cell wall Plant cell Animal cell Cellular Energy Explain how cells break down food molecules and use the constituents to synthesize proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids and other molecules that cells require. Explain what ATP is and how it works in a cell. Explain how cells extract and store energy from food molecules. Explain how the process of cellular respiration is similar to the burning of a marshmallow. Explain how plant cells use photosynthesis to produce their own food. Vocabulary ▪ Reactant ▪ Product ▪ Digestion ▪ Circulation ▪ Growth ▪ Storage ▪ Energy ▪ Stored chemical energy ▪ Thermal energy ▪ ATP ▪ Cellular respiration ▪ Photosynthesis ▪ Food ▪ Minerals and vitamins ▪ Combustion
