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v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Largeproportionofexpensesduetopollutioncausedby conventionalroadtransportation Gasolineanddiesel-poweredautomobiles Dieselbuses Short-termsolution:Increaseuseofpublictransport Lessvehiclesonroad=lesspollution Busesarethebestoption v Cheap,reliable,safe,fewerinnumber Theproblemwithconventionalbuses Mostlyburndiesel Dieselfuelissignificantlymoreharmfultotheenvironment v Particulatematterreleased Needacleanerenergysource PEMFUELCELLS Likebatteries,butlesstoxic Usevariouschemicalreactionstogenerateelectricity Mostimportantly,they’reclean Whynotfuelcellcars? Toomanyontheroad Leviathanofafinancialundertaking Carsaren’tuniform:toomuchvariationindesign v PEMFC=ProtonExchangeMembraneFuelCell v v UsesHydrogengas(H2)andOxygenGas(O2)for fuel v Releaseswatervaporandexcesshydrogen v Connectedtoexternalcircuitwhichgeneratesa v current v Useswater-basedacidicpolymersasan electrolyte MEA(MembraneElectrodeAssembly)CELLSTACK v Multiplecellscombinedtogetherinanarray v Actslikeagiantbattery v Cellscappedoffbybipolarendplates Hypotheticalenginesystem v Connectedintandemwithabatterypack v DC/DCconvertorforcharging v 13ActiveFuelCellBus(FCEB)fleetsinthe UnitedStates,manymoreInternationally v DatagatheredbytheNationalRenewable EnergyLaboratory(US) v YearlyupdateofFCEBstatistics v v v v v v v v Fledglingtechnologywith greatpotential Canreduceemissions entirely Encouragespublic transit Expensive,butitpaysitself overmanytimes Ifpopularized,reduces amountofcarson road Billionssaveddueto lackofhealthissues frompollution Hasreal-world applications,not purelyexperimental v v v v v v v ASOF2016: FCEB’sareonthewaytoapproachingtheir ultimatetarget Increasingfueleconomy PotentialDrawbacks Highcost Useofraremetalsincells(platinum) Expensivetotransition