Download Year 8 - Chesham Preparatory School

Chesham Preparatory School
Year 8 Geography Revision Notes- Summer Term 2017
1. Earthquakes and Volcanoes
 Be able to define the following key terms:
Key term
Definition
1. earthquake
The shaking of the earth’s crust
2. volcano
A place where lava erupts at the earth’s surface
3. lava
Melted rock that erupts from a volcano
4. plates
The earth’s surface is broken into large slabs called…
5. plate
boundary
Where two plates meet
6. mantle
Layer of molten rock below the earth’s crust
7. ring of fire
The ring of volcanoes occurring around the Pacific Ocean
8. crust
The thin outer layer of the earth, made of rock
9. core
The inner layer of the earth
10. convection
currents
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A current of warmer material; when soft rock is heated from
below, the warmer material rises in convection currents
Know the structure of the earth (the 4 layers of the earth: crust, mantle,
outer core and inner core)
Know the difference between oceanic and continental crust
Be able to describe and explain where earthquakes and volcanoes are
located
Be able to describe and explain how convection currents cause plate
movement
Be able to describe what happens at constructive (plates move apart) and
destructive plate boundaries (plates move toward each other)
Be able to label a diagram of a constructive and destructive plate
boundary
Be able to define dormant, active and extinct volcanoes
Be able to label a diagram of a cross section of a volcano
Be able to describe why people still live near active volcanoes
Be able to describe and explain the differences between shield and cone
volcanoes
For a named volcano (Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat and Mount Etna)
be able to describe and explain the effects, causes and human responses
Be able to compare the different human responses to volcanoes in
developing countries (Montserrat) and developed countries (Mount Etna)
2. Rivers
a. The water cycle
Be able to define and draw a labelled diagram of the water cycle to show:
 Evaporation; condensation; precipitation; interception; surface run-off;
throughflow; groundwater; infiltration; and transpiration
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b. Erosion and transportation
 Name and describe the 4 processes involved in the erosion of a river’s bed
and banks: abrasion; corrosion; attrition and hydraulic action. You will need to
write a sentence on each one.
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Name and describe the 5 ways a river transports its load. You will need to be
able to draw a diagram of each method of transportation listed: Traction;
saltation; suspension; solution; and floatation.
c. Know what deposition is
d. Be able to describe and explain how a river changes downstream
e. Be able to describe how fieldwork could be conducted to measure how a river
changes downstream
3. Economic Activity
 Define what is meant by Globalisation
 Be able to define and give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary industry
 Know the factors that determine the location of industry (site, labour, natural
resources, market, transport, raw materials, and power source)
4. Weathering
Weathering
• Know what weathering is
• Be able to define and describe Physical (freeze thaw, onion skin), Chemical
and Biological weathering
5. Rainforest comprehension exercise – no need to revise this for section
6. Global location
 Be able to locate the following on a world map: Equator, Tropic of Cancer,
Tropic of Capricorn, Antarctic circle and the Arctic circle
 Countries: Brazil, Argentina, China, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, and
Norway.
 Oceans/ seas: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Mediterranean
 Rivers: Nile, and Ganges
 Capital cities: Jakarta (Indonesia), Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea)
7. OS map work
 Grid references:
 Be able to find a location from a 4-figure grid reference
 Be able to recognize OS map symbols
 Be able to give a 6-figure grid reference for a location
 Be able to work out the direction of one settlement from another
 Be able to recognize settlement patterns from an OS map (linear, nucleated,
dispersed) Measure distance on a map
 Learn the 8 points of the compass
*Please note the items in italics will be covered in class before the exam