Download Atomic Theory, Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

ATOMIC THEORY,
ISOTOPES AND
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
Section 7.1
WHAT IS (DEFINE)
Radioactivity
Radiation
Isotopes
Decay
RADIOACTIVITY
 Deals with non-normal
matter, something that
behaves irregularly. Matter
that can give off something
Matter that is changing,
and cause radio interference
within the nuclei of its
(Electromagnetic).
atoms
RADIATION
Is what is given off
(emit) and causes the
interference. They are
the high-energy, short
wave particles and rays
of energy.
ISOTOPES
Any element, same # of
protons, with a different #
of neutrons and overall
mass.
Stability ≈ Decay (excess
neutrons): neutron  proton
TYPES OF DECAY
Normal
Radioactive
Implies to breakdown,
To decay by emitting
fall apart and become
radiation.
smaller. Something is
High-energy, short
changing form
wavelength particles &
(composition). Decay is a
rays
process.
WHAT ARE (DEFINE):
THE 3 MAIN TYPES OF
RADIATION FOUND IN THE
DECAY PROCESS
ALPHA
An Alpha particle is
the nucleus of a Helium
atom. It has 2 protons
and 2 neutrons.
BETA
Beta particle is an
electron
Caused from a
neutron decay
GAMMA
A gamma particle is a
high-energy, short
wavelength ray (like light).
Caused from changes in
energy (between levels or
states)
RADIATION TYPES
(PENETRATION)
Think of Alpha (α), Beta (β) and
Gamma (γ) as letters A, B, C that
equal changes according to size.
A = Biggest = α
B = Next = β
C = Smallest = γ
RADIATION TYPES
(REPULSION)
Think of Alpha (α), Beta (β) and
Gamma (γ) in terms of charges
(attract and repel).
α = Positive (+2)
β = Negative (-1)
γ = No Charge
RADIATION TYPES
1. The sum of the mass numbers on each side of the equation
does not change (stays the same)
Don’t Forget to Balance!!!!
2 RULES FOR WRITING
NUCLEAR EQUATIONS
2. The sum of the atomic charges (in the nucleus) on each side
of the equation does not change (stays the same)
Isotope Tables
Radioactive decay & Nuclear Equations
1. Show what happens when Plutonium 242 decays by alpha
emission.
2. Show what happens when Uranium 238 decays by alpha
emission.
3. Show what happens when Carbon 15 decays by beta
emission.
4. Show what happens when Hydrogen 3 decays by beta
emission.