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Download Learning Standards vocab chemical basis and molecules of life 09
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Learning Standards Describe the relative charges, masses, and locations of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of an element. Given the number and arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, predict the chemical properties of the element. Given the number of protons, identify the element using a Periodic Table. Explain the arrangement of the elements on the Periodic Table, including the significant relationships among elements in a given column or row. Explain how ions and ionic bonds are formed (e.g., sodium atoms lose an electron and chlorine atoms gain an electron, then the charged ions are attracted to each other and form bonds). Explain the meaning of a chemical formula for an ionic array (e.g., NaCl). Give examples to illustrate that molecules are groups of two or more atoms bonded together (e.g., a molecule of water is formed when one oxygen atom shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms). Explain the meaning of a chemical formula for a molecule (e.g., CH4 or H2O).*a Demonstrate how carbon atoms form four covalent bonds to make large molecules. Identify the functions of these molecules (e.g., plant and animal tissue, polymers, sources of food and nutrition, fossil fuels). Describe at least three chemical reactions of particular importance to humans (e.g., burning of fossil fuels, photosynthesis, rusting of metals). Use a chemical equation to illustrate how the atoms in molecules are arranged before and after a reaction. Give examples of chemical reactions that either release or acquire energy and result in the formation of new substances (e.g., burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of energy in the form of heat). Predict the effect of a change in temperature, surface area, or pressure on the rate of a given physical or chemical change.*b Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission by describing how each process transforms elements present before the reaction into elements present after the reaction. Vocabulary Atom Proton Atomic number Isotope Covalent bond Ionic bond Reactant Element Molecule Acid Buffer Monomers Polymers Monosaccharide Amino acid Steroid Enzyme Hydrogen bond Dehydration reaction Organic compound