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Notes NUTRIENT What is nutrition science? Nutrition Science is the study of the effects of food components on the metabolism, health, performance and disease resistance of humans and animals. It also includes the study of human behaviors related to food choices. Nutrients The food you eat is a source of nutrients. Nutrients keep your body functioning. Your body needs nutrients to… Work as a fuel/energy Help you grow Repair itself Maintain basic bodily functions. Balance is Key For years, people held to the idea that there are “bad” nutrients and “good” nutrients when, in fact, all nutrients play a certain role in the body. Even those nutrients once considered “bad” such as fats and carbohydrates perform vital functions in the body and if one consumes too many “good” nutrients such as vitamins or minerals there can be harmful results, as well. Balance - Eat foods from all of the food groups. Variety - Eat different foods from each food group. Moderation – Do not eat excessively from any group and portion size The 6 Essential Nutrients 1. Water 2. Carbohydrates 3. Protein 4. Lipids (Fat) 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals What is an Organic molecule? What is an Organic molecule? Organic molecules contain Carbon Organic molecules, substances that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. What is an Inorganic Molecule? Molecules that DO NOT contain carbon. DO NOT have carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds; generally they are simple and not normally found in living things. Water & minerals are considered inorganic molecules Monomers & Polymers A monomer is a molecule that is able to bond in long chains. Here is a monomer: Here is a polymer: A large molecule made from many similar small molecules called subunits or monomers In other words, Each MONOMER is a BUILDING BLOCK in the structure of a POLYMER 3 major classes of organic compounds Class Subunit/ Monomer Polymer Carbohydrates Poly saccharides Lipids Sugar Monosaccharide Fatty acids Proteins Amino acids Proteins Lipids Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients Provide the body with energy Are required in large amounts Examples: Carbohydrates, lipids & proteins Do NOT provide the body with energy Are NOT required in large amounts Examples: vitamins and minerals Water Although water does not provide the body with energy it is required in large amounts so it is in a category of its own.