Download Chapter 15 - Mater Academy Lakes High School

Chapter 15
Antianxiety drugs
Medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness.
Antidepressant drugs
Medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a
depression.
Antipsychotic drugs
Medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including
hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions.
Aversion therapy
A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that
elicits an undesirable response.
Behavior therapies
Application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients’
maladaptive behaviors.
Biomedical therapies
Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with
psychological disorders.
Client-centered therapy
An insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for
clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their
therapy.
Clinical psychologists
Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders and everyday behavioral problems.
Cognitive dissonance
A psychological state that exists when related cognitions are inconsistent.
Cognitive therapy
An insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts
and maladaptive beliefs.
Counseling
psychologists
Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
Deinstitutionalization
Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to
community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.
Dream analysis
A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic
meaning of the client’s dreams.
Eclecticism
In psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of
committing to just one system.
Electroconvulsive
therapy (ECT)
A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical
seizure accompanied by convulsions.
Free association
A psychoanalytic technique in which clients spontaneously express their thoughts
and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible.
Group therapy
The simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group.
Insight therapies
Psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance
clients’ self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and
behavior.
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the therapist’s attempts to explain the inner significance of the
client’s thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors.
Mental hospital
A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological
disorders.
Mood stabilizers
Drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders.
Placebo effects
The fact that subjects’ expectations can lead them to experience some change
even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.
Psychiatrists
Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders.
Psychoanalysis
An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts,
motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and
transference.
Psychopharmacotherapy The treatment of mental disorders with medication.
Regression toward the
mean
Effect that occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are
measured a second time and their new score falls closer to the mean (average).
Resistance
Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers a client uses to hinder the progress of
therapy.
Social skills training
A behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes
shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal.
Spontaneous remission
Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment.
Systematic
desensitization
A behavior therapy used to reduce clients’ anxiety responses through
counterconditioning.
Tardive dyskinesia
A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic
movements.
Transference
In therapy, the phenomenon that occurs when clients start relating to their
therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives.