Download AP European History Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European

AP European History
Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European Thought
Name _____________________________________
Date __________________________________ Period __________
_____ 1. Literacy rates were lowest in ________.
A. France
B. Scandinavia
C. the Netherlands
D. Italy
_____ 2. Which of the following became a major factor in the emerging mass politics?
A. political cartoons
B. letters to the editor
C. front-page editorials
D. transcripts of political speeches
_____ 3. By the start of World War I, most major nations of Europe ________.
A. began providing free public education for the masses
B. provided free elementary and secondary education for the masses
C. began providing free university education for the masses
D. provided free elementary, secondary, and university education for the masses
_____ 4. Auguste Comte developed the theory of ________.
A. positivism
B. the science of survival
C. evolutionary ethics
D. relativity
_____ 5. Who believed that the struggle in nature demonstrated how human beings should not
behave?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Thomas Henry Huxley
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Julius Wellhausen
_____ 6. Darwin’s Descent of Man ________.
A. contended that neither the origin of humans nor human character required the existence of a
god
B. was a confirmation that human origins derived from an omniscient god
C. gave scientific support to the notion that biology was the basis of social success
D. gave scientific support to the notion that Europeans were biologically superior to other
humans
_____ 7. Who believed that struggle against one’s fellow human beings was an ethical imperative?
A. Julius Wellhausen
C. Charles Darwin
B. Sigmund Freud
D. Herbert Spencer
_____ 8. Friedrich Nietzsche portrayed Christianity as a religion that ________.
A. glorified the strength that life required
B. glorified human weaknesses
C. demanded heroic living
D. superseded in glory the demands of war
AP European History
Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European Thought
_____ 9. In France, the French Catholic Church and the Third French Republic ________.
A. agreed to replace religious instruction with civic training
B. were formally separated in 1905
C. worked together to improve the education system
D. were, essentially, one institution
_____ 10. The doctrine of papal infallibility was first formally promulgated in ________.
A. 1325
B. 1489
C. 1789
D. 1870
_____ 11. Max Weber believed that ________.
A. the emergence of rationalism was the major development in human history
B. bureaucratization led to the destruction of modern society
C. only economic factors could account for major developments in human history
D. human history reached a high point in the Middle Ages
_____ 12. In his Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, Count Arthur de Gobineau ____.
A. portrayed Western troubles as springing from racial mixing
B. claimed Western troubles were the result of resistance to intermarriage
C. railed against the racism that had long existed in European culture
D. blamed the black race for what he called “contrary discrimination”
_____ 13. Theodor Herzl ________.
A. believed that liberal politics could protect Jews in Europe
B. called for a separate Jewish state in which Jewish rights and liberties would be protected
C. called for reforms to benefit Jews living in ghettos
D. believed that Jews did not deserve an assurance of rights and liberties without initiating a
move toward a new Jewish state
_____ 14. The first genuinely realistic novel is considered to be ________.
A. A Doll’s House
B. Madame Bovary
C. Mrs. Warren’s Profession
D. Mrs. Dalloway
_____ 15. What was the first important work by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche?
A. The Will to Power
B. Beyond Good and Evil
C. The Birth of Tragedy
D. The Genealogy of Morals
_____ 16. In London, what group excluded women from its ranks, claiming that discussion of
primitive people was an unfit subject for females?
A. the Ethnological Society
B. the Geological Society
C. the Society of Ethnological Enlightenment
D. the League for Social Order
AP European History
Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European Thought
_____ 17. T. H. Huxley claimed to have found ________.
A. scientific proof of female superiority
B. scientific proof of female inferiority
C. scientific proof of equality between men and women
D. biological evidence of original sin
_____ 18. Most social scientists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century ________.
A. reinforced traditional gender roles
B. supported wider sexual freedoms for women
C. embraced some, but not all, feminist ideas about gender roles
D. began to take a more liberal view of marriage, family, and child rearing
_____ 19. Liberals and conservatives recognized that ________.
A. minimal education was needed to help keep new voters in check
B. extensive education was needed for orderly political behavior of new voters
C. literacy would jeopardize the productivity of the work force
D. education leading to better jobs and political influence was within reach of the masses
_____ 20. Mass-circulation newspapers, when first introduced, were characterized by ________.
A. a high quality level
B. a focus on straight news stories
C. stories about sensational crimes and political scandals
D. an emphasis on weather and commodities prices
_____ 21. Which of the following most helped the school-teaching profession grow?
A. university-educated schoolteachers
B. higher-paid teachers
C. more male schoolteachers
D. state-sponsored education
_____ 22. Which of the following statements about evolution is true?
A. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace explained how changes in species occur.
B. Charles Darwin originated the concept of evolution.
C. Alfred Russel Wallace drew on Darwin’s work
D. Charles Darwin drew on the works of Wallace
_____ 23. Auguste Comte’s works were influential because they ________.
A. helped convince learned Europeans that all knowledge must resemble scientific knowledge
B. were the first works to provide evidence that nature evolved independently of a supernatural
force
C. challenged Darwin’s theory of natural selection
D. provided scientific evidence disputing the biblical story of Creation
_____ 24. Which of the following modern-day practices would the Social Darwinists of the
nineteenth century be most likely to support?
A. UN peacekeeping troops in war-torn countries
B. welfare states
C. universal health care
D. price wars between competitors
AP European History
Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European Thought
_____ 25. The salafiyya movement believed ________.
A. Arabs should modernize themselves on the basis of a modified version of Islam
B. the Arab world should imitate the West
C. there was no inherent contradiction between science and Islam
D. the West and modern thought were incompatible with Islam
_____26. The factor that caused the greatest loss of faith in Christianity among literate Europeans
was ________.
A. doubt about the historical validity of the Bible
B. doubt about the morality of Christianity
C. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection
D. doubt about the scientific validity of Creationism
_____ 27. Skeptics who questioned the morality of Christianity cited ________.
A. the cruelty and unpredictability of the Old Testament God
B. its intolerance against people of other faiths
C. the irrationality of the New Testament God
D. its lack of equality between men and women
_____ 28. Christian missionaries in Muslim lands were most successful in ________.
A. converting Muslims to Christianity
B. helping to abolish slavery
C. educating young Arabs in science and medicine
D. promoting more tolerant views of nonwhites
_____ 29. The Manet painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergère shows how ________.
A. different social classes did not mix socially in modern urban life
B. the middle classes enjoyed a life of leisure
C. the working class was excluded from most urban leisure activities
D. leisure activities in modern urban life allowed people from different classes to mix
_____ 30. Modernists were driven by ________.
A. admiration for middle-class society and morality
B. a concern for the aesthetic
C. a deep concern with social issues
D. a respect for the values of their predecessors
_____ 31. The Contagious Diseases Acts in England were designed to ________.
A. reduce disease in British slums
B. wipe out diseases such as cholera, which affected all of society
C. protect men from contracting diseases from prostitutes
D. impose harsh penalties on military men who spread venereal disease
_____ 32. What did Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Karl Vogt, and T. H. Huxley have in common?
A. They claimed that science showed women were inferior to men.
B. They used science to examine the role of humans as a part of nature.
C. They used science to explore the inner worlds of humans.
D. They claimed that science proved some races were superior to others.
AP European History
Chapter 16: Birth of Modern European Thought
_____ 33. What argument did critics of the Contagious Diseases Acts use to justify their demands for
their repeal?
A. If it weren’t for male customers, there’d be no prostitutes.
B. Only prostitutes, not their customers, were targeted by the law.
C. Prostitution provides a benefit to society.
D. Both men and women should be subject to random medical examinations.
_____ 34. In A Room of One’s Own, Virginia Woolf concluded that ________.
A. both male and female writers should be able to think as both men and women
B. female writers should imitate male writers
C. male writers were superior to female writers
D. female writers should bring their feminine traits to their writing
_____ 35. Which of these regions of Europe had lower literacy rates in the late 1800s?
A. western and northern
C. northern and eastern
B. southern and eastern
D. southern and western
_____ 36. Uniformitarianism—developed by Charles Lyell is based on the idea of natural laws that
__________.
A. are immutable
C. cannot be determined
B. change over time
D. change too rapidly to be formulated
_____ 37. Sigmund Freud was unusual in paying close attention to _________.
A. dreams
C. mental states
B. religion
D. psychoses
_____ 38. In A Room of One’s Own, the “room” of the title symbolized _________.
A. a place for creative expression
B. financial independence
C. a university education
D. the life of single women
Short Answer:
1. Explain how anti-Semitism developed, despite advancements made by Western
European Jews following the French Revolution. How did politicians play a role in
intensifying feelings of anti-Semitism?
Topic: Toward a Twentieth-Century Frame of Mind
2. Describe the steps taken by feminists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
What issues did they tackle, and what was the outcome? Were they successful in their
causes?
Topic: Women and Modern Thought